Guetzloe, E. (1999). Violence in children and adolescents--a threat to public health and safety: A paradigm of prevention. Preventing School Failure, 44, 21.
Hadley, R. G., & Mitchell, L. K. (1995). Counseling research and program evaluation. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Hiebert, B. (1997). Integrating evaluation into counseling practice. Canadian Journal of Counseling, 31, 112-126.
Houser, R. (1998). Counseling and educational research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Humphries, T. L. (1999). Improving peer mediation programs: Student experiences and suggestions. Professional School Counseling, 3, 13-20.
Wednesday, October 17, 2007
The school violence
Citations:
1
Title:School violence : fears versus facts / Dewey G. Cornell.
Author/Contributor:
Cornell, Dewey G.
Publisher/Date:
Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.
Description:
ix, 254 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
Subjects:
School violence.
Bullying in schools --Prevention.
Aggressiveness in children.
School shootings.
Contents:
1. The fear of school violence: An overview -- 2. Are our schools safe? From juvenile crime to school violence -- 3. What caused the school shootings? -- 4. How many guns in our schools? -- 5. What can we do about bullying? -- 6. Are we teaching our kids to kill? -- 7. Does prevention work? -- 8. What doesn’t work? -- 9. How can we deal with student threats? -- 10. What do our schools need?
2
Title:
Socially constructed school violence : lessons from the field
Author/Contributor:
Williams, Kimberly M.
Publisher/Date:
Peter Lang 2005
Description:
191 p.
ISBN:
9780820471297
0820471291
3
Details
Title:
School violence in context : culture, neighborhood, family, school, and gender / Rami Benbenishty and Ron Avi Astor.
Author/Contributor:
Benbenishty, Rami.
Publisher/Date:
Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, c2005.
Description:
xxiv, 220 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Subjects:
School violence --Social aspects --Israel --Case studies.
School violence --Social aspects --United States --Case studies.
School violence --Cross-cultural studies.
Contents:
Ch. 1. School victimization embedded in context : a heuristic model -- Ch. 2. Context and methods -- Ch. 3. Victimization types -- Ch. 4. Patterns of victimization -- Ch. 5. Sexual harassment -- Ch. 6. Weapons in school -- Ch. 7. Student victimization by staff -- Ch. 8. The influence of within-school context on the subjective experience of victimization : safety, violence as a problem, and school nonattendance due to fear -- Ch. 9. Differences in victimization between schools -- Ch. 10. Schools embedded in larger contexts : the Matryoshka doll theory of school violence -- Ch. 11. One school, multiple perspectives on school safety -- Ch. 12. Revisiting our central thesis : schools to the center of the theoretical model -- App. Details of the structural equation analyses.
4
Title:
The truth about school violence : keeping healthy schools safe / Jared M. Scherz.
Author/Contributor:
Scherz, Jared.
Publisher/Date:
Lanham, Md. : Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2006.
Description:
xvii, 116 p. ; 22 cm.
Subjects:
School violence --United States --Prevention.
Notes:
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-113).
URL:
Table of contents
ISBN:
1578864569 (hardcover : alk. paper)
9781578864560 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1578864577 (pbk. : alk. paper)
9781578864577 (pbk. : alk. paper)
5
Title:
Child maltreatment : an introduction / Cindy L. Miller-Perrin, Robin D. Perrin.
Edition:
2nd. ed.
Author/Contributor:
Miller-Perrin, Cindy L. (Cindy Lou), 1962-
Publisher/Date:
Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications, c2007.
Description:
xvii, 475 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.
1
Title:School violence : fears versus facts / Dewey G. Cornell.
Author/Contributor:
Cornell, Dewey G.
Publisher/Date:
Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.
Description:
ix, 254 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
Subjects:
School violence.
Bullying in schools --Prevention.
Aggressiveness in children.
School shootings.
Contents:
1. The fear of school violence: An overview -- 2. Are our schools safe? From juvenile crime to school violence -- 3. What caused the school shootings? -- 4. How many guns in our schools? -- 5. What can we do about bullying? -- 6. Are we teaching our kids to kill? -- 7. Does prevention work? -- 8. What doesn’t work? -- 9. How can we deal with student threats? -- 10. What do our schools need?
2
Title:
Socially constructed school violence : lessons from the field
Author/Contributor:
Williams, Kimberly M.
Publisher/Date:
Peter Lang 2005
Description:
191 p.
ISBN:
9780820471297
0820471291
3
Details
Title:
School violence in context : culture, neighborhood, family, school, and gender / Rami Benbenishty and Ron Avi Astor.
Author/Contributor:
Benbenishty, Rami.
Publisher/Date:
Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, c2005.
Description:
xxiv, 220 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Subjects:
School violence --Social aspects --Israel --Case studies.
School violence --Social aspects --United States --Case studies.
School violence --Cross-cultural studies.
Contents:
Ch. 1. School victimization embedded in context : a heuristic model -- Ch. 2. Context and methods -- Ch. 3. Victimization types -- Ch. 4. Patterns of victimization -- Ch. 5. Sexual harassment -- Ch. 6. Weapons in school -- Ch. 7. Student victimization by staff -- Ch. 8. The influence of within-school context on the subjective experience of victimization : safety, violence as a problem, and school nonattendance due to fear -- Ch. 9. Differences in victimization between schools -- Ch. 10. Schools embedded in larger contexts : the Matryoshka doll theory of school violence -- Ch. 11. One school, multiple perspectives on school safety -- Ch. 12. Revisiting our central thesis : schools to the center of the theoretical model -- App. Details of the structural equation analyses.
4
Title:
The truth about school violence : keeping healthy schools safe / Jared M. Scherz.
Author/Contributor:
Scherz, Jared.
Publisher/Date:
Lanham, Md. : Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2006.
Description:
xvii, 116 p. ; 22 cm.
Subjects:
School violence --United States --Prevention.
Notes:
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-113).
URL:
Table of contents
ISBN:
1578864569 (hardcover : alk. paper)
9781578864560 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1578864577 (pbk. : alk. paper)
9781578864577 (pbk. : alk. paper)
5
Title:
Child maltreatment : an introduction / Cindy L. Miller-Perrin, Robin D. Perrin.
Edition:
2nd. ed.
Author/Contributor:
Miller-Perrin, Cindy L. (Cindy Lou), 1962-
Publisher/Date:
Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications, c2007.
Description:
xvii, 475 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.
Substantial Equivalence
Substantial Equivalence
The biotechnology industry claims that genetic engineering is just like traditional breeding, i.e., GE plants are substantially equivalent to non-GE plants and, therefore, that they do not need any extra regulation. This is obviously misleading.
In traditional breeding, members of the same or very similar species are crossed to create offspring with some novel trait. This greatly limits the genes that can be combined. Furthermore, when different but similar species are crossed, their offspring are generally infertile, preventing inter-species gene combinations from propagating in the wild. For example, a donkey and a mare can make a mule, but the mule will be infertile, the end of the line for the combined genes.
Genetic engineering smashes these natural barriers. Using gene insertion, any gene from any plant, animal, bacterium, fungus or virus can be inserted into the DNA in reproductive cells of any other organism. If the resulting organism survives, it generally can pass on its altered DNA, along with and new traits, through normal reproduction. For example, genetic engineering enables scientists to create pigs which have human genes, genes which will be passed on to future generations.
So GE plants and animals are not substantially equivalent to non-GE varieties. But are they safe for us to eat? Do they need extra regulation? .
There are indications that they may not be safe. An English scientist reported that rats fed GE potatoes developed cancerous tumors. The rats' brain size also decreased. The same scientist also fed GE tomatoes to rats. 7 out of 20 rats developed stomach lesions and died.
There are also problems within the Food and Drug Agency, the US agency with responsibility for regulating food. Because of inadequate legislation in the US, Monsanto's New Leaf Superior GE potato is not regulated. The potato has been genetically engineered to poison and kill the Colorado potato beetle. Because it produces its own toxin, the potato is registered as a pesticide. The FDA does not regulate the potato because it does not have authority to regulate pesticides. That is the Environment Protection Agency's job, but the EPA says the potato is a food.
The first GE crop to be commercialized, the Flavr Savr tomato, did not pass the required toxicological tests. Secret memoranda from the FDA reveal that the agency ignored warnings from its own senior scientists who pointed out that GE is risky. What is behind this situation? For one thing, there is a very close link between the biotechnology industry and the US government. The biotech industry has been well represented in President Bush's cabinet. Secretaries of Defence, Health, and Agriculture, the Attorney General and the chairperson of the House Agriculture Committee have had connections with Monsanto or the wider industry.
But would the manufacturer be irresponsible? Monsanto president has been quoted as saying, "Safety is the Government's responsibility."
So we do not know for sure if GE foods are safe. They may turn out to be harmful. There are many examples of new technologies hailed at first as great benefits to humankind, but later realized to be anything but a benefit. The effects of DDT were not known for decades. Likewise Thalidomide, which caused deformities in more than 100,000 babies. At the time of its approval in the EU and Canada, tests in laboratory animals showed no negative effects. Thalidomide's damage was revealed only over time, not in the drug's users, but in their children.
There is already at least one new disease linked to GE food. In 1989 eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) hit the US. 37 people died and 1,500 were permanently disabled. EMS was linked to the consumption of a dietary supplement called L-Tryptophan. The batch of L-Tryptophan implicated in the outbreak was traced to Showa Denko, which had recently introduced a new genetically engineered bacterium into its production process.
The biotechnology industry claims that genetic engineering is just like traditional breeding, i.e., GE plants are substantially equivalent to non-GE plants and, therefore, that they do not need any extra regulation. This is obviously misleading.
In traditional breeding, members of the same or very similar species are crossed to create offspring with some novel trait. This greatly limits the genes that can be combined. Furthermore, when different but similar species are crossed, their offspring are generally infertile, preventing inter-species gene combinations from propagating in the wild. For example, a donkey and a mare can make a mule, but the mule will be infertile, the end of the line for the combined genes.
Genetic engineering smashes these natural barriers. Using gene insertion, any gene from any plant, animal, bacterium, fungus or virus can be inserted into the DNA in reproductive cells of any other organism. If the resulting organism survives, it generally can pass on its altered DNA, along with and new traits, through normal reproduction. For example, genetic engineering enables scientists to create pigs which have human genes, genes which will be passed on to future generations.
So GE plants and animals are not substantially equivalent to non-GE varieties. But are they safe for us to eat? Do they need extra regulation? .
There are indications that they may not be safe. An English scientist reported that rats fed GE potatoes developed cancerous tumors. The rats' brain size also decreased. The same scientist also fed GE tomatoes to rats. 7 out of 20 rats developed stomach lesions and died.
There are also problems within the Food and Drug Agency, the US agency with responsibility for regulating food. Because of inadequate legislation in the US, Monsanto's New Leaf Superior GE potato is not regulated. The potato has been genetically engineered to poison and kill the Colorado potato beetle. Because it produces its own toxin, the potato is registered as a pesticide. The FDA does not regulate the potato because it does not have authority to regulate pesticides. That is the Environment Protection Agency's job, but the EPA says the potato is a food.
The first GE crop to be commercialized, the Flavr Savr tomato, did not pass the required toxicological tests. Secret memoranda from the FDA reveal that the agency ignored warnings from its own senior scientists who pointed out that GE is risky. What is behind this situation? For one thing, there is a very close link between the biotechnology industry and the US government. The biotech industry has been well represented in President Bush's cabinet. Secretaries of Defence, Health, and Agriculture, the Attorney General and the chairperson of the House Agriculture Committee have had connections with Monsanto or the wider industry.
But would the manufacturer be irresponsible? Monsanto president has been quoted as saying, "Safety is the Government's responsibility."
So we do not know for sure if GE foods are safe. They may turn out to be harmful. There are many examples of new technologies hailed at first as great benefits to humankind, but later realized to be anything but a benefit. The effects of DDT were not known for decades. Likewise Thalidomide, which caused deformities in more than 100,000 babies. At the time of its approval in the EU and Canada, tests in laboratory animals showed no negative effects. Thalidomide's damage was revealed only over time, not in the drug's users, but in their children.
There is already at least one new disease linked to GE food. In 1989 eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) hit the US. 37 people died and 1,500 were permanently disabled. EMS was linked to the consumption of a dietary supplement called L-Tryptophan. The batch of L-Tryptophan implicated in the outbreak was traced to Showa Denko, which had recently introduced a new genetically engineered bacterium into its production process.
Effect on Biodiversity
Effect on Biodiversity
There is a bacterium that is naturally toxic to certain beetles and insects. Scientists have taken the gene that produces the toxin in the bacterium and engineered it into potato and corn plants. Now the potato and corn plants produce the same toxin, so any of the beetles or insects that eat them are poisoned by the toxin in the potato and corn plants. As the plants produce their own insecticide, farmers do not need to spray them with conventional insecticide, with the result that there is less pesticide residue on these plants. In this sense, these GE plants are better for us. But they now contain a gene that produces toxins. Is this good for us?
As well as the target pests, many beneficial beetles and insects are killed. Monarch butterfly larvae died when they came into contact with pollen from GE corn. What will be the effect on beetles, mice, birds, etc. that eat the beetles and insects that have been poisoned by the toxin in the potatoes and corn? In other words, what will be the effect on the environment? Some fear that proliferation of GE crops may result in huge losses of biodiversity and all the dangers that entails.
The GE potatoes and GE corn just mentioned are meant to reduce the need for pesticide. Other plants are genetically engineered to withstand pesticide. A gene that is naturally resistant to Monsanto's Roundup herbicide has been inserted into canola. So a farmer can spray a field of GE canola with almost as much Roundup as he/she likes, and while the weeds will be killed, the canola will be unaffected. So herbicide-resistant GE crops may encourage farmers to use more pesticide. There would be more pesticide residue on these crops.
In some places, the bacteria needed for breaking down vegetable matter so that the soil is fertilized are being wiped out by excessive use of Roundup. The soil is becoming inert, and so much so that dead weeds do not rot.
When a farmer harvests a crop like soy, some falls on to the ground and may remain there till the following growing season, when it may grow spontaneously. If the farmer is growing a different crop, the soy is now unwanted, a weed, and the farmer may want to kill it with herbicide. Herbicide-resistant GE soy cannot be killed with ordinary herbicide and farmers in Argentina, for example, use a potent cocktail of different chemicals, including 2-4,D and, it is thought, Paraquat. This cocktail is causing environmental havoc. Some of the chemicals are blown by the wind on to neighboring fields, into streams and lakes, and on to people. It is causing skin blemishes on children, farm animals to be born deformed, bananas to sprout from the middle of the branch instead of the top, lakes filled with dead fish.
There is a bacterium that is naturally toxic to certain beetles and insects. Scientists have taken the gene that produces the toxin in the bacterium and engineered it into potato and corn plants. Now the potato and corn plants produce the same toxin, so any of the beetles or insects that eat them are poisoned by the toxin in the potato and corn plants. As the plants produce their own insecticide, farmers do not need to spray them with conventional insecticide, with the result that there is less pesticide residue on these plants. In this sense, these GE plants are better for us. But they now contain a gene that produces toxins. Is this good for us?
As well as the target pests, many beneficial beetles and insects are killed. Monarch butterfly larvae died when they came into contact with pollen from GE corn. What will be the effect on beetles, mice, birds, etc. that eat the beetles and insects that have been poisoned by the toxin in the potatoes and corn? In other words, what will be the effect on the environment? Some fear that proliferation of GE crops may result in huge losses of biodiversity and all the dangers that entails.
The GE potatoes and GE corn just mentioned are meant to reduce the need for pesticide. Other plants are genetically engineered to withstand pesticide. A gene that is naturally resistant to Monsanto's Roundup herbicide has been inserted into canola. So a farmer can spray a field of GE canola with almost as much Roundup as he/she likes, and while the weeds will be killed, the canola will be unaffected. So herbicide-resistant GE crops may encourage farmers to use more pesticide. There would be more pesticide residue on these crops.
In some places, the bacteria needed for breaking down vegetable matter so that the soil is fertilized are being wiped out by excessive use of Roundup. The soil is becoming inert, and so much so that dead weeds do not rot.
When a farmer harvests a crop like soy, some falls on to the ground and may remain there till the following growing season, when it may grow spontaneously. If the farmer is growing a different crop, the soy is now unwanted, a weed, and the farmer may want to kill it with herbicide. Herbicide-resistant GE soy cannot be killed with ordinary herbicide and farmers in Argentina, for example, use a potent cocktail of different chemicals, including 2-4,D and, it is thought, Paraquat. This cocktail is causing environmental havoc. Some of the chemicals are blown by the wind on to neighboring fields, into streams and lakes, and on to people. It is causing skin blemishes on children, farm animals to be born deformed, bananas to sprout from the middle of the branch instead of the top, lakes filled with dead fish.
Friday, October 12, 2007
Global Warming
From 1981 to 1990, the global average temperature compared to 100 years ago has rised 0.48 ℃. The main reason of the global warming is that people over spend fossil fuel (for example coal, petroleum and so on) in a nearly century and discharge a large volume of CO2 and many other kinds of greenhouse gas. Because the greenhouse gas has a high permeability of the solar radiation visible light, and high absorption of the long-wave radiation which reflects to the Earth , as is often says " the greenhouse effect", causing the global warming.
The consequence of global consequence can cause the global precipitation to redistribute, the glacier and the frozen to melt, the sea level to promote. It will harm the balance of natural ecosystem, threaten humanity's food supply and living environment.
The consequence of global consequence can cause the global precipitation to redistribute, the glacier and the frozen to melt, the sea level to promote. It will harm the balance of natural ecosystem, threaten humanity's food supply and living environment.
1 Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis. [a change]
Resumptive
Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis, and education which is the responsibility of school systems.
Summative
Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis, a change that the education organization look into again.
Free
Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis, making us considerthe differences between traditional and modern education.
2 Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements.[a challenge]
Resumptive
Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, requirement that
becomes harder and harder to meet.
Summative
Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, a challenge that
many automobile manufactures have to face.
Free
Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, helping us
develop more high quality products.
3 The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression.[a failure]
Resumptive
The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression, insecurity which is no longer existing in recent years.
Summative
The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression, a failure that makes young people don't know what the
exact meaning of it.
Free
The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression, resulting the young people never have sense of crisis.
4 The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia.[a mystery]
Resumptive
The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia, and the puzzle encourage physiologist to work on.
Summative
The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia, a mystery that the nature order the world.
Free
The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia, eliminating old and giving birth to new generation.
5 The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople.
Resumptive
The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople,
and the issues that will be argued in many years.
Summative
The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople,
an event thaat is a milestone in the human history.
Free
The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople,
giving hope to women who can't be pregnant.
6 Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin
put forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as
apes.
Resumptive
Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin put
forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes,
abd the suggestion that is too weird and desrepectful for people to accept in that
period.
Summative
Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin put
forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes,
a theory that is acknowledged universally as evolution.
Free
Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin put
forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes,
causing parts of people to consider the origin of human.
7 In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability in the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together.
Resumptive
In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability i the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, and the
Renaissance which is a revolution of science artistic, emerging in Italia in the 14th
century.
SummativeIn the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability i the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, an event
that opened prologue of the modern European history.
Free
In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability i the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, considered
a dividing line of the middle ancient and modern times.
8 The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature.
Resumptive
The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, and the focus may cause medias more
attention than ever before.
Summative
The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, a change that affects and form a new
attitude of journalists to this kind of materials.
Free
The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, extending and expanding the audience's view
and opinions.
9 In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on
the American penchant for violence.
Resumptive
In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on the
American penchant for violence, Bowling for Columbine that have an extremely bad
influence.
Summative
In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on the
American penchant for violence, a focus that causes the nation's attention of
personal behavior in America now.
Free
In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on the
American penchant for violence, attracting psychologists to do some relative
reasearch.
10 Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming.
Resumptive
Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming, and global warming which is also worth to be focused by the world.
Summative
Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming, a phenomenon that alarm people the consequence of destructing
enviroment.
Free
Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming, deserved more support and encrouge from the world.
basis. [a change]
Resumptive
Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis, and education which is the responsibility of school systems.
Summative
Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis, a change that the education organization look into again.
Free
Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis, making us considerthe differences between traditional and modern education.
2 Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements.[a challenge]
Resumptive
Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, requirement that
becomes harder and harder to meet.
Summative
Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, a challenge that
many automobile manufactures have to face.
Free
Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, helping us
develop more high quality products.
3 The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression.[a failure]
Resumptive
The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression, insecurity which is no longer existing in recent years.
Summative
The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression, a failure that makes young people don't know what the
exact meaning of it.
Free
The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression, resulting the young people never have sense of crisis.
4 The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia.[a mystery]
Resumptive
The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia, and the puzzle encourage physiologist to work on.
Summative
The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia, a mystery that the nature order the world.
Free
The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia, eliminating old and giving birth to new generation.
5 The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople.
Resumptive
The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople,
and the issues that will be argued in many years.
Summative
The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople,
an event thaat is a milestone in the human history.
Free
The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople,
giving hope to women who can't be pregnant.
6 Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin
put forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as
apes.
Resumptive
Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin put
forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes,
abd the suggestion that is too weird and desrepectful for people to accept in that
period.
Summative
Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin put
forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes,
a theory that is acknowledged universally as evolution.
Free
Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin put
forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes,
causing parts of people to consider the origin of human.
7 In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability in the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together.
Resumptive
In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability i the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, and the
Renaissance which is a revolution of science artistic, emerging in Italia in the 14th
century.
SummativeIn the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability i the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, an event
that opened prologue of the modern European history.
Free
In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability i the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, considered
a dividing line of the middle ancient and modern times.
8 The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature.
Resumptive
The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, and the focus may cause medias more
attention than ever before.
Summative
The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, a change that affects and form a new
attitude of journalists to this kind of materials.
Free
The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, extending and expanding the audience's view
and opinions.
9 In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on
the American penchant for violence.
Resumptive
In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on the
American penchant for violence, Bowling for Columbine that have an extremely bad
influence.
Summative
In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on the
American penchant for violence, a focus that causes the nation's attention of
personal behavior in America now.
Free
In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on the
American penchant for violence, attracting psychologists to do some relative
reasearch.
10 Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming.
Resumptive
Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming, and global warming which is also worth to be focused by the world.
Summative
Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming, a phenomenon that alarm people the consequence of destructing
enviroment.
Free
Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming, deserved more support and encrouge from the world.
Wednesday, October 10, 2007
Should Martin die or not?
It' s a difficult decision for us as a family member to face this problem. If let Martin live, we must bear such a heavy burden because of the high cost. However, if let him die, we don't have the heart to put away the machines which he kept alive on. So what should we do? It's really hard to deal with this problem. I think if I am Martin wife, I will do as much as possible to prolong Martin's life untill we don't any money. Because if he is alive, I have the hope to support and maintain the whole family.What's more, I still have a husband and the family is complete. Once I have no money and can't afford the medical cost, I have no guilty and regret because I have tried my best. I think my husband can understand me.
Tuesday, October 9, 2007
Paraphaze
Source: Leary, Kowalski, Smith, & Philips(2003)
People tend to get angry if they are ignored and ostracized.
People who are shy or eccentric may simply ignored by their peer groups.
Two young people kill their classmates cruelly with guns because they were ostracized and rejected before.
Source: DAVID M.KENNEDY in a New York Times editorial
In US, the obligation to bear arms and privileges of citizenship are linked closely. However, their disjunction is disturbing now.
It is easy to wage war without risk and burdens of the society.
Sara Beale
Contemporary media's attitude are effected and shaped by economic and marketing.
People tend to get angry if they are ignored and ostracized.
People who are shy or eccentric may simply ignored by their peer groups.
Two young people kill their classmates cruelly with guns because they were ostracized and rejected before.
Source: DAVID M.KENNEDY in a New York Times editorial
In US, the obligation to bear arms and privileges of citizenship are linked closely. However, their disjunction is disturbing now.
It is easy to wage war without risk and burdens of the society.
Sara Beale
Contemporary media's attitude are effected and shaped by economic and marketing.
Saturday, October 6, 2007
Impact of the little optimum
By 1300, or even a little before, this phase of European expansion was at an end. Lamb has suggested that the beginning of the end of the little optimum may have been responsible for the emergence of the Mongol hordes out of Asia because of an invasion of cold Arctic air into the heart of Asia. However, there is no direct proof that climatic change was an underlying cause of the outburst of the Mongol hordes. While there is good evidence that at the end of the little optimum cold spread gradually westward from China to Europe, and set backe the growth of western European civilization in the fourteenth century.
Wednesday, October 3, 2007
The effect of porf price rising in China
Recently, the pork rising in price has aroused the entire country's attention. I think there are three reasons of it. First, the feeding cost rises in price, especially corn price rising fast. This is the most important reason of causing the pork price rising. However, the corn price rising is also caused by the international crude oil rising in price. Second, the Chinese economy continues to prosper in recent years and the national income has increased so fast that the quantity of pork demand is rising accordingly. Third, it is said, because the demand quantity increases, supply is to be slightly insufficient. To a certain extent, it has risen the retail price.
Graph showing average daily use of D.C Metro
This is the graph showing average daily use of D.C Metro. The left is number of people and below is the time axis. Initially, the number at 6 am was the lowest point of 100, then it increased sharply, reaching a peak of 400 at 8am. Later, it began to go down steeply till 10am about 200. Subsequently, there is a plateau between 10am and 4pm, the statble part of which is about 300. And 4pm is the lowest point of a whole day then the number shot up . Till 8pm, the number peaked up to 400, which is the second highest point of the whole dy. The curve between 4pm and 8pm was also a spiked one like the period between 6am and 10am. Till 8pm, it is the third lowest point and then the number slightly rose to 180 at 9pm and then fell down to 120 at 10pm.
According to the graph, there are two spiked period in a whole day: on and off working.
According to the graph, there are two spiked period in a whole day: on and off working.
Prodigy
Some child prodigies as young as 10 years old go to universities. Do you think this is a good environment for these children? Why or why not? Explain your reasons, and give examples to support your oppinion.
I think they are too young to go to univeristies though they are prodigies. The period of about 10 years old is just their childhood and they should only enjoy it but not spend it in the boring studying. A news in China, a little boy aged 10-year old, interviewed on TV show, has been to a famous university. However, he looks the same as other little kids that we cannot imagine he has been an undergraduate. When the TV compere asked him what love and friendship were, he appeared puzzled and comfusing. Till now, he is just a piece of white paper without any color. He has no experience, definition of life, and value opinions, which he cannot learn from books . How does he get along with others in this society, can he take care of himself in the university? There are lots of questions we should think about. Sometimes, educating a prodigy early is killing him.
I think they are too young to go to univeristies though they are prodigies. The period of about 10 years old is just their childhood and they should only enjoy it but not spend it in the boring studying. A news in China, a little boy aged 10-year old, interviewed on TV show, has been to a famous university. However, he looks the same as other little kids that we cannot imagine he has been an undergraduate. When the TV compere asked him what love and friendship were, he appeared puzzled and comfusing. Till now, he is just a piece of white paper without any color. He has no experience, definition of life, and value opinions, which he cannot learn from books . How does he get along with others in this society, can he take care of himself in the university? There are lots of questions we should think about. Sometimes, educating a prodigy early is killing him.
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