Friday, December 7, 2007
Education between China and US
I have been in US for about four months. Everything goes very well and I have been used to the life here. People are very friendly and helpful. The study life here I think is not difficult for me because I have learned the relative knowledge in my undergraduate. The only thing I feel hard is that the language and words. On the class, I cannot quite understand what teachers talk about. And the technical words are also hard to remember. So as an international student, I think the most difficult thing we have to face is that we must adapt the language as soon as possible. Otherwise, I think education in US is more open than in China. Students on the class are more active and free. They like to ask all kinds of questions and teachers are glad to answer them while in China students usually do that after class.
Wednesday, November 28, 2007
The difference of life in USA
Time goes fast. Till now I have been in US for three months. At the beginning, I am not quite used to life here though the temperature and climate is quite like Beijing where I have lived for four years.
Wednesday, November 21, 2007
If Marxism had been first adopted in Western
If Marxism had been first adopted in Western Europe instead of in Russia, I think socialism may have been accepted in Europe first and the capital form would have been changed. So the history would have changed. There would have been no industrial revolution, movement of enclosures, econimic crisis.... However, there would exist many other problems which had been existed in socialist countries such as Russia, China and North Korea. Planned economy, deflation and supply falls shout of demand.. which had happened in China in the period of 1960.
Otherwis, if that had happened, Russia, China and other countries may adopt capitalism and the world would changed oppositely.
Otherwis, if that had happened, Russia, China and other countries may adopt capitalism and the world would changed oppositely.
Tuesday, November 13, 2007
Bowling for Columbine Questions
1.Micheal Moore opens a bank account so that he can get what item instead of interest?Guns
2.where did Michael Moore grow up?
Michigan
3.Charlton Heston is president of what organization?
National Rifle Association (NRA)
4.Who are Timothy McVeign amd Terry Nichols?
They carried out Oklahoma City bombing .
5.Why does the man from Michigan militia say you must carry a gun?
You need to protect yourself first, or no one will protect you.
6.James Nichols was arrested in connection with which booming?
Oklahoma City Bombing
7.James Nichols says, "I use the pen, because the pen is mightier than the sword. But you always have to keep the sword handy for when the pen fails." What does this statement mean?
Everyone still needs a gun to protect himself.
8.Does James Nichols believe that nuclear weapons should be restricted? Does he contradict himself?
He believes that nuclear weapons should be restricted, but he contradict himself because he agree to use nuclear weapon to defend the United States.
9.Describe the Littleton communityAns: Residents claimed that the community is a good place to live in and raise their children.
10.The security expert in Littleton talks with Michael Moore about security in houses. What is a safe room? Why would you want one?
A safe room is made of concrete and steel, and it is hard to break in.
11.This security man gets emotional and says that Columbine did something. What did Columbine do?
12.What does the Lockheed spokesman mean by "We are Columbine"?
13.Why did Lockheed donate $100000 toward anger-management programs?
14.What happened in Kosovo on April 20, 1999? what happened one hour later?
The NATO bombed Kosovo on April 20, 1999. After one hour, the tragedy in Columbine high school happened.
15.What organization held a major rally in Denver 10 days after the shooting?
NRA
16.How did Matt Stone and Trey Parker choose to respond to life in Littleton?
17.What were some of the responses form schools nationwide to the tragedy at Columbine?A
18.Who were some of the people/things blamed for the tragedy at Columbine?
Movies, vedio games, Mrilyn Manson
19. How does Marilyn Manson respond to allegations that he is to blame? Who does he imply was influential?
He sais he just did what he want to do, and he didn't mean to ignite any violent events. He thought the family is influential to their children's behavior.
20.What class were the boys enrolled in the morning before they killed at Columbine?
Bowling Ball class
21.What other countries besides the U.S. have violent pasts?
Japan, Germany, Canada...
22.When was the Colt revolver created?When was the NRA founded?What does the news media want people to feel?
They want people to feel fear and unsafety.
25.How many kids have been killed by Halloween candy? Was it on purpose?
Only two kids have been killed by Halloween candy, and they were killed by their relatives not by other people.
26.Who is the most common suspect on television?
Black man
27.Who most often gets in trouble for gun possession--kids in the city or kids in the suburbs?
28.Who conditions people in the United States to believe that their communities are dangerous?
When there are many black men living around them.
29.What does the former TV producer of Cops say sells in the media?
violence
30.How many gun murders were there is Sarnia, Canada, in the past three years? How many in Windsor?
Only one in Sarnia, and zero in Windsor.
31.What are some misconceptions about Canada? What is the truth?
32.Does Canada have guns? In 2001, could they get guns/ammunition easily? Explain.
No
33.How is Canadian TV news different from TV news in the United States?
No different
34.How is the health care system in Canada different from health care in the United States?35.How long did it take the news crews to show up in Flint, Michigan, to cover the youngest school shooting?
36.How did the Welfare to Work program impact Tamarla Owens, the mother of the boy who shot the little girl, Kayla?
37.How did people capitalize on September 11?
Because people fear another terrible attack, so they purchase many weapons or equipments to protect themselves. Firearm companies can sell more guns and relative equipments to people and profit from it.
8.What does Michael Moore take Richard and Mark to do at K-Mart headquarters?
To ask for stopping selling ammunition in K-Mart.
39.What do Mark, Richard and Michael convince K-Mart to do about selling ammunition in their stores?
K-Mart decided to stop selling ammunition in their stores.
40.Whom does Michael Moore visit at his house in Hollywood? What is the outcome of their discussion?
Charlton Heston. He refused to take Michael Moore's advise and refused to apologize to the victims of the former tragedy.
41.What did you learn from the film?
We should protect ourselves but without guns.
42.What are some of the questions this film poses?
Racism, gun control, violence movies and vedio games, Marilyn Manson.
43.After watching this film, what else do you want to know?
2.where did Michael Moore grow up?
Michigan
3.Charlton Heston is president of what organization?
National Rifle Association (NRA)
4.Who are Timothy McVeign amd Terry Nichols?
They carried out Oklahoma City bombing .
5.Why does the man from Michigan militia say you must carry a gun?
You need to protect yourself first, or no one will protect you.
6.James Nichols was arrested in connection with which booming?
Oklahoma City Bombing
7.James Nichols says, "I use the pen, because the pen is mightier than the sword. But you always have to keep the sword handy for when the pen fails." What does this statement mean?
Everyone still needs a gun to protect himself.
8.Does James Nichols believe that nuclear weapons should be restricted? Does he contradict himself?
He believes that nuclear weapons should be restricted, but he contradict himself because he agree to use nuclear weapon to defend the United States.
9.Describe the Littleton communityAns: Residents claimed that the community is a good place to live in and raise their children.
10.The security expert in Littleton talks with Michael Moore about security in houses. What is a safe room? Why would you want one?
A safe room is made of concrete and steel, and it is hard to break in.
11.This security man gets emotional and says that Columbine did something. What did Columbine do?
12.What does the Lockheed spokesman mean by "We are Columbine"?
13.Why did Lockheed donate $100000 toward anger-management programs?
14.What happened in Kosovo on April 20, 1999? what happened one hour later?
The NATO bombed Kosovo on April 20, 1999. After one hour, the tragedy in Columbine high school happened.
15.What organization held a major rally in Denver 10 days after the shooting?
NRA
16.How did Matt Stone and Trey Parker choose to respond to life in Littleton?
17.What were some of the responses form schools nationwide to the tragedy at Columbine?A
18.Who were some of the people/things blamed for the tragedy at Columbine?
Movies, vedio games, Mrilyn Manson
19. How does Marilyn Manson respond to allegations that he is to blame? Who does he imply was influential?
He sais he just did what he want to do, and he didn't mean to ignite any violent events. He thought the family is influential to their children's behavior.
20.What class were the boys enrolled in the morning before they killed at Columbine?
Bowling Ball class
21.What other countries besides the U.S. have violent pasts?
Japan, Germany, Canada...
22.When was the Colt revolver created?When was the NRA founded?What does the news media want people to feel?
They want people to feel fear and unsafety.
25.How many kids have been killed by Halloween candy? Was it on purpose?
Only two kids have been killed by Halloween candy, and they were killed by their relatives not by other people.
26.Who is the most common suspect on television?
Black man
27.Who most often gets in trouble for gun possession--kids in the city or kids in the suburbs?
28.Who conditions people in the United States to believe that their communities are dangerous?
When there are many black men living around them.
29.What does the former TV producer of Cops say sells in the media?
violence
30.How many gun murders were there is Sarnia, Canada, in the past three years? How many in Windsor?
Only one in Sarnia, and zero in Windsor.
31.What are some misconceptions about Canada? What is the truth?
32.Does Canada have guns? In 2001, could they get guns/ammunition easily? Explain.
No
33.How is Canadian TV news different from TV news in the United States?
No different
34.How is the health care system in Canada different from health care in the United States?35.How long did it take the news crews to show up in Flint, Michigan, to cover the youngest school shooting?
36.How did the Welfare to Work program impact Tamarla Owens, the mother of the boy who shot the little girl, Kayla?
37.How did people capitalize on September 11?
Because people fear another terrible attack, so they purchase many weapons or equipments to protect themselves. Firearm companies can sell more guns and relative equipments to people and profit from it.
8.What does Michael Moore take Richard and Mark to do at K-Mart headquarters?
To ask for stopping selling ammunition in K-Mart.
39.What do Mark, Richard and Michael convince K-Mart to do about selling ammunition in their stores?
K-Mart decided to stop selling ammunition in their stores.
40.Whom does Michael Moore visit at his house in Hollywood? What is the outcome of their discussion?
Charlton Heston. He refused to take Michael Moore's advise and refused to apologize to the victims of the former tragedy.
41.What did you learn from the film?
We should protect ourselves but without guns.
42.What are some of the questions this film poses?
Racism, gun control, violence movies and vedio games, Marilyn Manson.
43.After watching this film, what else do you want to know?
Friday, November 2, 2007
Definition of three tems
Education is teaching and learning skills and knowledge. Education also means helping people to learn how to do things and encouraging them to think about about what they learn. It is also important for educators to teach ways to find information and use it effectively.
There are three types of education:
Formal education: Usually in school, where a person may learn basic, academic, or trade skills. Formal education begins in elementary school and continues through secondary school. There is post-secondary education (or higher education, usually at a college or university.)
Nonformal education: Sometimes called adult basic education, adult literacy education or school equivalency preparation. In nonformal education an adult or out-of-school youth may learn literacy, other basic skills or livelihood skills. Nonformal education takes place in small classes, tutorials or through self-instruction.
Informal education: An example being a parent teaching a child how to make a meal. Someone could also get an education informally by reading many books from a library.
Bullying:
Bullying can exist on campus. School bullying now is one of the serious problems which cannot be ignored in school. In the times of information explosion, teenagers expose to a large number of both good and bad intermingled information. In addition, the vast majority of teenagers are easily influenced by what they saw and what they heard from television, films, and internet. Therefore, they may tend to imitate the behavior that threatens or harms other persons by verbal harassment, physical assault, or other more subtle ways.
Terrorism is the act of scaring people for a social or political reason using violence (or threat of violence). A person who uses terrorism is called a terrorist. Sometimes they do the things they say they will do, and sometimes they do not. Terrorists think that if others are afraid of them, they will have more power over other people.
Terrorists may also be trying to make their enemies into attacking the people whom the terrorists claim to represent. This will hopefully cause this population to be for the terrorists. For example, Palestinian Hamas terrorists killed Israeli civilians in bomb attacks, provoking Israel into carrying out revenge attacks against Palestinian civilians, thus increasing Palestinian hate for Israel and support for Hamas. An example of a well-known terrorist is Osama bin Laden, the founder of al-Qaeda and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.
There are three types of education:
Formal education: Usually in school, where a person may learn basic, academic, or trade skills. Formal education begins in elementary school and continues through secondary school. There is post-secondary education (or higher education, usually at a college or university.)
Nonformal education: Sometimes called adult basic education, adult literacy education or school equivalency preparation. In nonformal education an adult or out-of-school youth may learn literacy, other basic skills or livelihood skills. Nonformal education takes place in small classes, tutorials or through self-instruction.
Informal education: An example being a parent teaching a child how to make a meal. Someone could also get an education informally by reading many books from a library.
Bullying:
Bullying can exist on campus. School bullying now is one of the serious problems which cannot be ignored in school. In the times of information explosion, teenagers expose to a large number of both good and bad intermingled information. In addition, the vast majority of teenagers are easily influenced by what they saw and what they heard from television, films, and internet. Therefore, they may tend to imitate the behavior that threatens or harms other persons by verbal harassment, physical assault, or other more subtle ways.
Terrorism is the act of scaring people for a social or political reason using violence (or threat of violence). A person who uses terrorism is called a terrorist. Sometimes they do the things they say they will do, and sometimes they do not. Terrorists think that if others are afraid of them, they will have more power over other people.
Terrorists may also be trying to make their enemies into attacking the people whom the terrorists claim to represent. This will hopefully cause this population to be for the terrorists. For example, Palestinian Hamas terrorists killed Israeli civilians in bomb attacks, provoking Israel into carrying out revenge attacks against Palestinian civilians, thus increasing Palestinian hate for Israel and support for Hamas. An example of a well-known terrorist is Osama bin Laden, the founder of al-Qaeda and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.
A capacity for Joy
Play is important to animals to express their Joy.
Elephants are particularly playful. A young elephant tried to swing when it saw children were swinging. Obviously, it finally failed after trying again and again.
Alaskan buffalo have been seen playing on ice. They are bracing their legs so that they spun across the ice with the tails in the air and then turned back to make another run.
Enimals also like playing with objects. A Komodo dragon played with a shovel, pushing it noisily about the enclosure. A alligator spent forty-five minutes playing with the drops of water falling from a pipe into a pond.Captive gorillas and chimpanzees enjoy playing with dolls and spend time in other imaginative play.
In other animals, object play becomes social play. Dolphins like playing together to chase or take turns. Beluga whales carry stones or seaweed on their heads and other whales at once try to knock them off. Lions, both adults and cubs, may try to wrest pieces of bark or twigs from each other.
Though the extent of animals playing games recognize implicit rules is not clear, a few instances trainers have successfully taught formalized games to animals. A simplified version of cricket was taught to elephants of the Betram Mills’ Circus after several months of training. At an oceanarium, several dolphins were trained in the skills of water polo.
Animals sometimes find playmates across the barrier of species.
Elephants are particularly playful. A young elephant tried to swing when it saw children were swinging. Obviously, it finally failed after trying again and again.
Alaskan buffalo have been seen playing on ice. They are bracing their legs so that they spun across the ice with the tails in the air and then turned back to make another run.
Enimals also like playing with objects. A Komodo dragon played with a shovel, pushing it noisily about the enclosure. A alligator spent forty-five minutes playing with the drops of water falling from a pipe into a pond.Captive gorillas and chimpanzees enjoy playing with dolls and spend time in other imaginative play.
In other animals, object play becomes social play. Dolphins like playing together to chase or take turns. Beluga whales carry stones or seaweed on their heads and other whales at once try to knock them off. Lions, both adults and cubs, may try to wrest pieces of bark or twigs from each other.
Though the extent of animals playing games recognize implicit rules is not clear, a few instances trainers have successfully taught formalized games to animals. A simplified version of cricket was taught to elephants of the Betram Mills’ Circus after several months of training. At an oceanarium, several dolphins were trained in the skills of water polo.
Animals sometimes find playmates across the barrier of species.
Columbine High School massacre
The Columbine High School massacre occurred on Tuesday, April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in unincorporated Jefferson County, Colorado near Denver and Littleton. Two students, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, embarked on a shooting rampage, killing 12 students and a teacher, as well as wounding 23 others, before committing suicide. It is the fourth-deadliest school killing in United States history, after the 1927 Bath School disaster, 2007 Virginia Tech massacre and the 1966 University of Texas massacre.
This tragedy led to a broad debate regarding the gun control, school violence, goth culture, etc... People try to find out the reason why these two young student commit a such terrible incident. Many argued that the isolation of Klebold and Harris from the rest of their classmates prompted feelings of helplessness, insecurity and depression, and eventually caused them to take a revenge to their schoolmates. In the aftermath, lots of rumors around this tragedy spread out through the media, some press potrayed these two young as part of a goth cult, such characterization were found to be questionable afterward, and people started to discuss this issue and deplore the 'goth' subculture.In July 1999, the FBI organized a major summit on several severe school shooting incidents. And the experts who participated in this project argued that these two who commited Columbine high school shooting had psychological disease that caused them to commit this crime. But recently, a US psychiatrist, provided a different view , arguing that the killers' actions were affected by computer games like Doom. Once they are banned from their computers, the two teens became homicidal and began documenting plans to attack the school. However, there were still some warning signs to notify people some information regarding the coming shooting incident. Right now, many schools instituted new anti-bully policies as well as so-called "zero tolerance" approaches to weapons and threatening behavior and raised the security level to prevent any violence. But the most important thing is to focus on students who fit a profile or show warning signs and help them release their anger and range.
This tragedy led to a broad debate regarding the gun control, school violence, goth culture, etc... People try to find out the reason why these two young student commit a such terrible incident. Many argued that the isolation of Klebold and Harris from the rest of their classmates prompted feelings of helplessness, insecurity and depression, and eventually caused them to take a revenge to their schoolmates. In the aftermath, lots of rumors around this tragedy spread out through the media, some press potrayed these two young as part of a goth cult, such characterization were found to be questionable afterward, and people started to discuss this issue and deplore the 'goth' subculture.In July 1999, the FBI organized a major summit on several severe school shooting incidents. And the experts who participated in this project argued that these two who commited Columbine high school shooting had psychological disease that caused them to commit this crime. But recently, a US psychiatrist, provided a different view , arguing that the killers' actions were affected by computer games like Doom. Once they are banned from their computers, the two teens became homicidal and began documenting plans to attack the school. However, there were still some warning signs to notify people some information regarding the coming shooting incident. Right now, many schools instituted new anti-bully policies as well as so-called "zero tolerance" approaches to weapons and threatening behavior and raised the security level to prevent any violence. But the most important thing is to focus on students who fit a profile or show warning signs and help them release their anger and range.
Wednesday, October 17, 2007
Guetzloe, E. (1999). Violence in children and adolescents--a threat to public health and safety: A paradigm of prevention. Preventing School Failure, 44, 21.
Hadley, R. G., & Mitchell, L. K. (1995). Counseling research and program evaluation. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Hiebert, B. (1997). Integrating evaluation into counseling practice. Canadian Journal of Counseling, 31, 112-126.
Houser, R. (1998). Counseling and educational research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Humphries, T. L. (1999). Improving peer mediation programs: Student experiences and suggestions. Professional School Counseling, 3, 13-20.
Hadley, R. G., & Mitchell, L. K. (1995). Counseling research and program evaluation. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Hiebert, B. (1997). Integrating evaluation into counseling practice. Canadian Journal of Counseling, 31, 112-126.
Houser, R. (1998). Counseling and educational research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Humphries, T. L. (1999). Improving peer mediation programs: Student experiences and suggestions. Professional School Counseling, 3, 13-20.
The school violence
Citations:
1
Title:School violence : fears versus facts / Dewey G. Cornell.
Author/Contributor:
Cornell, Dewey G.
Publisher/Date:
Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.
Description:
ix, 254 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
Subjects:
School violence.
Bullying in schools --Prevention.
Aggressiveness in children.
School shootings.
Contents:
1. The fear of school violence: An overview -- 2. Are our schools safe? From juvenile crime to school violence -- 3. What caused the school shootings? -- 4. How many guns in our schools? -- 5. What can we do about bullying? -- 6. Are we teaching our kids to kill? -- 7. Does prevention work? -- 8. What doesn’t work? -- 9. How can we deal with student threats? -- 10. What do our schools need?
2
Title:
Socially constructed school violence : lessons from the field
Author/Contributor:
Williams, Kimberly M.
Publisher/Date:
Peter Lang 2005
Description:
191 p.
ISBN:
9780820471297
0820471291
3
Details
Title:
School violence in context : culture, neighborhood, family, school, and gender / Rami Benbenishty and Ron Avi Astor.
Author/Contributor:
Benbenishty, Rami.
Publisher/Date:
Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, c2005.
Description:
xxiv, 220 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Subjects:
School violence --Social aspects --Israel --Case studies.
School violence --Social aspects --United States --Case studies.
School violence --Cross-cultural studies.
Contents:
Ch. 1. School victimization embedded in context : a heuristic model -- Ch. 2. Context and methods -- Ch. 3. Victimization types -- Ch. 4. Patterns of victimization -- Ch. 5. Sexual harassment -- Ch. 6. Weapons in school -- Ch. 7. Student victimization by staff -- Ch. 8. The influence of within-school context on the subjective experience of victimization : safety, violence as a problem, and school nonattendance due to fear -- Ch. 9. Differences in victimization between schools -- Ch. 10. Schools embedded in larger contexts : the Matryoshka doll theory of school violence -- Ch. 11. One school, multiple perspectives on school safety -- Ch. 12. Revisiting our central thesis : schools to the center of the theoretical model -- App. Details of the structural equation analyses.
4
Title:
The truth about school violence : keeping healthy schools safe / Jared M. Scherz.
Author/Contributor:
Scherz, Jared.
Publisher/Date:
Lanham, Md. : Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2006.
Description:
xvii, 116 p. ; 22 cm.
Subjects:
School violence --United States --Prevention.
Notes:
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-113).
URL:
Table of contents
ISBN:
1578864569 (hardcover : alk. paper)
9781578864560 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1578864577 (pbk. : alk. paper)
9781578864577 (pbk. : alk. paper)
5
Title:
Child maltreatment : an introduction / Cindy L. Miller-Perrin, Robin D. Perrin.
Edition:
2nd. ed.
Author/Contributor:
Miller-Perrin, Cindy L. (Cindy Lou), 1962-
Publisher/Date:
Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications, c2007.
Description:
xvii, 475 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.
1
Title:School violence : fears versus facts / Dewey G. Cornell.
Author/Contributor:
Cornell, Dewey G.
Publisher/Date:
Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.
Description:
ix, 254 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
Subjects:
School violence.
Bullying in schools --Prevention.
Aggressiveness in children.
School shootings.
Contents:
1. The fear of school violence: An overview -- 2. Are our schools safe? From juvenile crime to school violence -- 3. What caused the school shootings? -- 4. How many guns in our schools? -- 5. What can we do about bullying? -- 6. Are we teaching our kids to kill? -- 7. Does prevention work? -- 8. What doesn’t work? -- 9. How can we deal with student threats? -- 10. What do our schools need?
2
Title:
Socially constructed school violence : lessons from the field
Author/Contributor:
Williams, Kimberly M.
Publisher/Date:
Peter Lang 2005
Description:
191 p.
ISBN:
9780820471297
0820471291
3
Details
Title:
School violence in context : culture, neighborhood, family, school, and gender / Rami Benbenishty and Ron Avi Astor.
Author/Contributor:
Benbenishty, Rami.
Publisher/Date:
Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, c2005.
Description:
xxiv, 220 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Subjects:
School violence --Social aspects --Israel --Case studies.
School violence --Social aspects --United States --Case studies.
School violence --Cross-cultural studies.
Contents:
Ch. 1. School victimization embedded in context : a heuristic model -- Ch. 2. Context and methods -- Ch. 3. Victimization types -- Ch. 4. Patterns of victimization -- Ch. 5. Sexual harassment -- Ch. 6. Weapons in school -- Ch. 7. Student victimization by staff -- Ch. 8. The influence of within-school context on the subjective experience of victimization : safety, violence as a problem, and school nonattendance due to fear -- Ch. 9. Differences in victimization between schools -- Ch. 10. Schools embedded in larger contexts : the Matryoshka doll theory of school violence -- Ch. 11. One school, multiple perspectives on school safety -- Ch. 12. Revisiting our central thesis : schools to the center of the theoretical model -- App. Details of the structural equation analyses.
4
Title:
The truth about school violence : keeping healthy schools safe / Jared M. Scherz.
Author/Contributor:
Scherz, Jared.
Publisher/Date:
Lanham, Md. : Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2006.
Description:
xvii, 116 p. ; 22 cm.
Subjects:
School violence --United States --Prevention.
Notes:
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-113).
URL:
Table of contents
ISBN:
1578864569 (hardcover : alk. paper)
9781578864560 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1578864577 (pbk. : alk. paper)
9781578864577 (pbk. : alk. paper)
5
Title:
Child maltreatment : an introduction / Cindy L. Miller-Perrin, Robin D. Perrin.
Edition:
2nd. ed.
Author/Contributor:
Miller-Perrin, Cindy L. (Cindy Lou), 1962-
Publisher/Date:
Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications, c2007.
Description:
xvii, 475 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.
Substantial Equivalence
Substantial Equivalence
The biotechnology industry claims that genetic engineering is just like traditional breeding, i.e., GE plants are substantially equivalent to non-GE plants and, therefore, that they do not need any extra regulation. This is obviously misleading.
In traditional breeding, members of the same or very similar species are crossed to create offspring with some novel trait. This greatly limits the genes that can be combined. Furthermore, when different but similar species are crossed, their offspring are generally infertile, preventing inter-species gene combinations from propagating in the wild. For example, a donkey and a mare can make a mule, but the mule will be infertile, the end of the line for the combined genes.
Genetic engineering smashes these natural barriers. Using gene insertion, any gene from any plant, animal, bacterium, fungus or virus can be inserted into the DNA in reproductive cells of any other organism. If the resulting organism survives, it generally can pass on its altered DNA, along with and new traits, through normal reproduction. For example, genetic engineering enables scientists to create pigs which have human genes, genes which will be passed on to future generations.
So GE plants and animals are not substantially equivalent to non-GE varieties. But are they safe for us to eat? Do they need extra regulation? .
There are indications that they may not be safe. An English scientist reported that rats fed GE potatoes developed cancerous tumors. The rats' brain size also decreased. The same scientist also fed GE tomatoes to rats. 7 out of 20 rats developed stomach lesions and died.
There are also problems within the Food and Drug Agency, the US agency with responsibility for regulating food. Because of inadequate legislation in the US, Monsanto's New Leaf Superior GE potato is not regulated. The potato has been genetically engineered to poison and kill the Colorado potato beetle. Because it produces its own toxin, the potato is registered as a pesticide. The FDA does not regulate the potato because it does not have authority to regulate pesticides. That is the Environment Protection Agency's job, but the EPA says the potato is a food.
The first GE crop to be commercialized, the Flavr Savr tomato, did not pass the required toxicological tests. Secret memoranda from the FDA reveal that the agency ignored warnings from its own senior scientists who pointed out that GE is risky. What is behind this situation? For one thing, there is a very close link between the biotechnology industry and the US government. The biotech industry has been well represented in President Bush's cabinet. Secretaries of Defence, Health, and Agriculture, the Attorney General and the chairperson of the House Agriculture Committee have had connections with Monsanto or the wider industry.
But would the manufacturer be irresponsible? Monsanto president has been quoted as saying, "Safety is the Government's responsibility."
So we do not know for sure if GE foods are safe. They may turn out to be harmful. There are many examples of new technologies hailed at first as great benefits to humankind, but later realized to be anything but a benefit. The effects of DDT were not known for decades. Likewise Thalidomide, which caused deformities in more than 100,000 babies. At the time of its approval in the EU and Canada, tests in laboratory animals showed no negative effects. Thalidomide's damage was revealed only over time, not in the drug's users, but in their children.
There is already at least one new disease linked to GE food. In 1989 eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) hit the US. 37 people died and 1,500 were permanently disabled. EMS was linked to the consumption of a dietary supplement called L-Tryptophan. The batch of L-Tryptophan implicated in the outbreak was traced to Showa Denko, which had recently introduced a new genetically engineered bacterium into its production process.
The biotechnology industry claims that genetic engineering is just like traditional breeding, i.e., GE plants are substantially equivalent to non-GE plants and, therefore, that they do not need any extra regulation. This is obviously misleading.
In traditional breeding, members of the same or very similar species are crossed to create offspring with some novel trait. This greatly limits the genes that can be combined. Furthermore, when different but similar species are crossed, their offspring are generally infertile, preventing inter-species gene combinations from propagating in the wild. For example, a donkey and a mare can make a mule, but the mule will be infertile, the end of the line for the combined genes.
Genetic engineering smashes these natural barriers. Using gene insertion, any gene from any plant, animal, bacterium, fungus or virus can be inserted into the DNA in reproductive cells of any other organism. If the resulting organism survives, it generally can pass on its altered DNA, along with and new traits, through normal reproduction. For example, genetic engineering enables scientists to create pigs which have human genes, genes which will be passed on to future generations.
So GE plants and animals are not substantially equivalent to non-GE varieties. But are they safe for us to eat? Do they need extra regulation? .
There are indications that they may not be safe. An English scientist reported that rats fed GE potatoes developed cancerous tumors. The rats' brain size also decreased. The same scientist also fed GE tomatoes to rats. 7 out of 20 rats developed stomach lesions and died.
There are also problems within the Food and Drug Agency, the US agency with responsibility for regulating food. Because of inadequate legislation in the US, Monsanto's New Leaf Superior GE potato is not regulated. The potato has been genetically engineered to poison and kill the Colorado potato beetle. Because it produces its own toxin, the potato is registered as a pesticide. The FDA does not regulate the potato because it does not have authority to regulate pesticides. That is the Environment Protection Agency's job, but the EPA says the potato is a food.
The first GE crop to be commercialized, the Flavr Savr tomato, did not pass the required toxicological tests. Secret memoranda from the FDA reveal that the agency ignored warnings from its own senior scientists who pointed out that GE is risky. What is behind this situation? For one thing, there is a very close link between the biotechnology industry and the US government. The biotech industry has been well represented in President Bush's cabinet. Secretaries of Defence, Health, and Agriculture, the Attorney General and the chairperson of the House Agriculture Committee have had connections with Monsanto or the wider industry.
But would the manufacturer be irresponsible? Monsanto president has been quoted as saying, "Safety is the Government's responsibility."
So we do not know for sure if GE foods are safe. They may turn out to be harmful. There are many examples of new technologies hailed at first as great benefits to humankind, but later realized to be anything but a benefit. The effects of DDT were not known for decades. Likewise Thalidomide, which caused deformities in more than 100,000 babies. At the time of its approval in the EU and Canada, tests in laboratory animals showed no negative effects. Thalidomide's damage was revealed only over time, not in the drug's users, but in their children.
There is already at least one new disease linked to GE food. In 1989 eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) hit the US. 37 people died and 1,500 were permanently disabled. EMS was linked to the consumption of a dietary supplement called L-Tryptophan. The batch of L-Tryptophan implicated in the outbreak was traced to Showa Denko, which had recently introduced a new genetically engineered bacterium into its production process.
Effect on Biodiversity
Effect on Biodiversity
There is a bacterium that is naturally toxic to certain beetles and insects. Scientists have taken the gene that produces the toxin in the bacterium and engineered it into potato and corn plants. Now the potato and corn plants produce the same toxin, so any of the beetles or insects that eat them are poisoned by the toxin in the potato and corn plants. As the plants produce their own insecticide, farmers do not need to spray them with conventional insecticide, with the result that there is less pesticide residue on these plants. In this sense, these GE plants are better for us. But they now contain a gene that produces toxins. Is this good for us?
As well as the target pests, many beneficial beetles and insects are killed. Monarch butterfly larvae died when they came into contact with pollen from GE corn. What will be the effect on beetles, mice, birds, etc. that eat the beetles and insects that have been poisoned by the toxin in the potatoes and corn? In other words, what will be the effect on the environment? Some fear that proliferation of GE crops may result in huge losses of biodiversity and all the dangers that entails.
The GE potatoes and GE corn just mentioned are meant to reduce the need for pesticide. Other plants are genetically engineered to withstand pesticide. A gene that is naturally resistant to Monsanto's Roundup herbicide has been inserted into canola. So a farmer can spray a field of GE canola with almost as much Roundup as he/she likes, and while the weeds will be killed, the canola will be unaffected. So herbicide-resistant GE crops may encourage farmers to use more pesticide. There would be more pesticide residue on these crops.
In some places, the bacteria needed for breaking down vegetable matter so that the soil is fertilized are being wiped out by excessive use of Roundup. The soil is becoming inert, and so much so that dead weeds do not rot.
When a farmer harvests a crop like soy, some falls on to the ground and may remain there till the following growing season, when it may grow spontaneously. If the farmer is growing a different crop, the soy is now unwanted, a weed, and the farmer may want to kill it with herbicide. Herbicide-resistant GE soy cannot be killed with ordinary herbicide and farmers in Argentina, for example, use a potent cocktail of different chemicals, including 2-4,D and, it is thought, Paraquat. This cocktail is causing environmental havoc. Some of the chemicals are blown by the wind on to neighboring fields, into streams and lakes, and on to people. It is causing skin blemishes on children, farm animals to be born deformed, bananas to sprout from the middle of the branch instead of the top, lakes filled with dead fish.
There is a bacterium that is naturally toxic to certain beetles and insects. Scientists have taken the gene that produces the toxin in the bacterium and engineered it into potato and corn plants. Now the potato and corn plants produce the same toxin, so any of the beetles or insects that eat them are poisoned by the toxin in the potato and corn plants. As the plants produce their own insecticide, farmers do not need to spray them with conventional insecticide, with the result that there is less pesticide residue on these plants. In this sense, these GE plants are better for us. But they now contain a gene that produces toxins. Is this good for us?
As well as the target pests, many beneficial beetles and insects are killed. Monarch butterfly larvae died when they came into contact with pollen from GE corn. What will be the effect on beetles, mice, birds, etc. that eat the beetles and insects that have been poisoned by the toxin in the potatoes and corn? In other words, what will be the effect on the environment? Some fear that proliferation of GE crops may result in huge losses of biodiversity and all the dangers that entails.
The GE potatoes and GE corn just mentioned are meant to reduce the need for pesticide. Other plants are genetically engineered to withstand pesticide. A gene that is naturally resistant to Monsanto's Roundup herbicide has been inserted into canola. So a farmer can spray a field of GE canola with almost as much Roundup as he/she likes, and while the weeds will be killed, the canola will be unaffected. So herbicide-resistant GE crops may encourage farmers to use more pesticide. There would be more pesticide residue on these crops.
In some places, the bacteria needed for breaking down vegetable matter so that the soil is fertilized are being wiped out by excessive use of Roundup. The soil is becoming inert, and so much so that dead weeds do not rot.
When a farmer harvests a crop like soy, some falls on to the ground and may remain there till the following growing season, when it may grow spontaneously. If the farmer is growing a different crop, the soy is now unwanted, a weed, and the farmer may want to kill it with herbicide. Herbicide-resistant GE soy cannot be killed with ordinary herbicide and farmers in Argentina, for example, use a potent cocktail of different chemicals, including 2-4,D and, it is thought, Paraquat. This cocktail is causing environmental havoc. Some of the chemicals are blown by the wind on to neighboring fields, into streams and lakes, and on to people. It is causing skin blemishes on children, farm animals to be born deformed, bananas to sprout from the middle of the branch instead of the top, lakes filled with dead fish.
Friday, October 12, 2007
Global Warming
From 1981 to 1990, the global average temperature compared to 100 years ago has rised 0.48 ℃. The main reason of the global warming is that people over spend fossil fuel (for example coal, petroleum and so on) in a nearly century and discharge a large volume of CO2 and many other kinds of greenhouse gas. Because the greenhouse gas has a high permeability of the solar radiation visible light, and high absorption of the long-wave radiation which reflects to the Earth , as is often says " the greenhouse effect", causing the global warming.
The consequence of global consequence can cause the global precipitation to redistribute, the glacier and the frozen to melt, the sea level to promote. It will harm the balance of natural ecosystem, threaten humanity's food supply and living environment.
The consequence of global consequence can cause the global precipitation to redistribute, the glacier and the frozen to melt, the sea level to promote. It will harm the balance of natural ecosystem, threaten humanity's food supply and living environment.
1 Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis. [a change]
Resumptive
Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis, and education which is the responsibility of school systems.
Summative
Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis, a change that the education organization look into again.
Free
Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis, making us considerthe differences between traditional and modern education.
2 Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements.[a challenge]
Resumptive
Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, requirement that
becomes harder and harder to meet.
Summative
Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, a challenge that
many automobile manufactures have to face.
Free
Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, helping us
develop more high quality products.
3 The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression.[a failure]
Resumptive
The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression, insecurity which is no longer existing in recent years.
Summative
The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression, a failure that makes young people don't know what the
exact meaning of it.
Free
The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression, resulting the young people never have sense of crisis.
4 The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia.[a mystery]
Resumptive
The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia, and the puzzle encourage physiologist to work on.
Summative
The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia, a mystery that the nature order the world.
Free
The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia, eliminating old and giving birth to new generation.
5 The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople.
Resumptive
The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople,
and the issues that will be argued in many years.
Summative
The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople,
an event thaat is a milestone in the human history.
Free
The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople,
giving hope to women who can't be pregnant.
6 Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin
put forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as
apes.
Resumptive
Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin put
forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes,
abd the suggestion that is too weird and desrepectful for people to accept in that
period.
Summative
Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin put
forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes,
a theory that is acknowledged universally as evolution.
Free
Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin put
forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes,
causing parts of people to consider the origin of human.
7 In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability in the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together.
Resumptive
In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability i the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, and the
Renaissance which is a revolution of science artistic, emerging in Italia in the 14th
century.
SummativeIn the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability i the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, an event
that opened prologue of the modern European history.
Free
In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability i the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, considered
a dividing line of the middle ancient and modern times.
8 The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature.
Resumptive
The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, and the focus may cause medias more
attention than ever before.
Summative
The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, a change that affects and form a new
attitude of journalists to this kind of materials.
Free
The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, extending and expanding the audience's view
and opinions.
9 In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on
the American penchant for violence.
Resumptive
In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on the
American penchant for violence, Bowling for Columbine that have an extremely bad
influence.
Summative
In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on the
American penchant for violence, a focus that causes the nation's attention of
personal behavior in America now.
Free
In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on the
American penchant for violence, attracting psychologists to do some relative
reasearch.
10 Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming.
Resumptive
Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming, and global warming which is also worth to be focused by the world.
Summative
Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming, a phenomenon that alarm people the consequence of destructing
enviroment.
Free
Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming, deserved more support and encrouge from the world.
basis. [a change]
Resumptive
Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis, and education which is the responsibility of school systems.
Summative
Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis, a change that the education organization look into again.
Free
Many different school systems are making a return to traditional education in the
basis, making us considerthe differences between traditional and modern education.
2 Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements.[a challenge]
Resumptive
Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, requirement that
becomes harder and harder to meet.
Summative
Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, a challenge that
many automobile manufactures have to face.
Free
Within the period of the last few years or so, automobile manyfactures have been
trying to meet new and more stringent quality control requirements, helping us
develop more high quality products.
3 The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression.[a failure]
Resumptive
The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression, insecurity which is no longer existing in recent years.
Summative
The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression, a failure that makes young people don't know what the
exact meaning of it.
Free
The majority of young people in the world of today cannot even begin to have an
understanding of the insecurity that a large number of older people had experienced
during the Great Depression, resulting the young people never have sense of crisis.
4 The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia.[a mystery]
Resumptive
The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia, and the puzzle encourage physiologist to work on.
Summative
The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia, a mystery that the nature order the world.
Free
The reasons for the cause of aging are a puzzle that has perplexed humanity for
millennia, eliminating old and giving birth to new generation.
5 The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople.
Resumptive
The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople,
and the issues that will be argued in many years.
Summative
The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople,
an event thaat is a milestone in the human history.
Free
The successful accomplishment of test-tube fertilization of embryos has raised many
issues of an ethical nature that continue to trouble both scientists and laypeople,
giving hope to women who can't be pregnant.
6 Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin
put forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as
apes.
Resumptive
Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin put
forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes,
abd the suggestion that is too weird and desrepectful for people to accept in that
period.
Summative
Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin put
forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes,
a theory that is acknowledged universally as evolution.
Free
Many who lived during the period of the Victorian era were appalledd when Darwin put
forth the suggestion that their ancestry might have included creatures such as apes,
causing parts of people to consider the origin of human.
7 In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability in the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together.
Resumptive
In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability i the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, and the
Renaissance which is a revolution of science artistic, emerging in Italia in the 14th
century.
SummativeIn the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability i the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, an event
that opened prologue of the modern European history.
Free
In the period known to scholars and historians as the Renaissance, increases in
affluence and stability i the area of political affairs had the consequence of
allowing streams of thought of different kinds to merge and flow together, considered
a dividing line of the middle ancient and modern times.
8 The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature.
Resumptive
The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, and the focus may cause medias more
attention than ever before.
Summative
The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, a change that affects and form a new
attitude of journalists to this kind of materials.
Free
The field of journalism has to an increasing degree placed its focus on the kind of
news stories and events that at one time in our history were considered to be only
gossip of a salacious and sexual nature, extending and expanding the audience's view
and opinions.
9 In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on
the American penchant for violence.
Resumptive
In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on the
American penchant for violence, Bowling for Columbine that have an extremely bad
influence.
Summative
In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on the
American penchant for violence, a focus that causes the nation's attention of
personal behavior in America now.
Free
In his documentary Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moores has put the spotlight on the
American penchant for violence, attracting psychologists to do some relative
reasearch.
10 Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming.
Resumptive
Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming, and global warming which is also worth to be focused by the world.
Summative
Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming, a phenomenon that alarm people the consequence of destructing
enviroment.
Free
Al Gore has tirelessly urged world governments to develop policies in reponse to
global warming, deserved more support and encrouge from the world.
Wednesday, October 10, 2007
Should Martin die or not?
It' s a difficult decision for us as a family member to face this problem. If let Martin live, we must bear such a heavy burden because of the high cost. However, if let him die, we don't have the heart to put away the machines which he kept alive on. So what should we do? It's really hard to deal with this problem. I think if I am Martin wife, I will do as much as possible to prolong Martin's life untill we don't any money. Because if he is alive, I have the hope to support and maintain the whole family.What's more, I still have a husband and the family is complete. Once I have no money and can't afford the medical cost, I have no guilty and regret because I have tried my best. I think my husband can understand me.
Tuesday, October 9, 2007
Paraphaze
Source: Leary, Kowalski, Smith, & Philips(2003)
People tend to get angry if they are ignored and ostracized.
People who are shy or eccentric may simply ignored by their peer groups.
Two young people kill their classmates cruelly with guns because they were ostracized and rejected before.
Source: DAVID M.KENNEDY in a New York Times editorial
In US, the obligation to bear arms and privileges of citizenship are linked closely. However, their disjunction is disturbing now.
It is easy to wage war without risk and burdens of the society.
Sara Beale
Contemporary media's attitude are effected and shaped by economic and marketing.
People tend to get angry if they are ignored and ostracized.
People who are shy or eccentric may simply ignored by their peer groups.
Two young people kill their classmates cruelly with guns because they were ostracized and rejected before.
Source: DAVID M.KENNEDY in a New York Times editorial
In US, the obligation to bear arms and privileges of citizenship are linked closely. However, their disjunction is disturbing now.
It is easy to wage war without risk and burdens of the society.
Sara Beale
Contemporary media's attitude are effected and shaped by economic and marketing.
Saturday, October 6, 2007
Impact of the little optimum
By 1300, or even a little before, this phase of European expansion was at an end. Lamb has suggested that the beginning of the end of the little optimum may have been responsible for the emergence of the Mongol hordes out of Asia because of an invasion of cold Arctic air into the heart of Asia. However, there is no direct proof that climatic change was an underlying cause of the outburst of the Mongol hordes. While there is good evidence that at the end of the little optimum cold spread gradually westward from China to Europe, and set backe the growth of western European civilization in the fourteenth century.
Wednesday, October 3, 2007
The effect of porf price rising in China
Recently, the pork rising in price has aroused the entire country's attention. I think there are three reasons of it. First, the feeding cost rises in price, especially corn price rising fast. This is the most important reason of causing the pork price rising. However, the corn price rising is also caused by the international crude oil rising in price. Second, the Chinese economy continues to prosper in recent years and the national income has increased so fast that the quantity of pork demand is rising accordingly. Third, it is said, because the demand quantity increases, supply is to be slightly insufficient. To a certain extent, it has risen the retail price.
Graph showing average daily use of D.C Metro
This is the graph showing average daily use of D.C Metro. The left is number of people and below is the time axis. Initially, the number at 6 am was the lowest point of 100, then it increased sharply, reaching a peak of 400 at 8am. Later, it began to go down steeply till 10am about 200. Subsequently, there is a plateau between 10am and 4pm, the statble part of which is about 300. And 4pm is the lowest point of a whole day then the number shot up . Till 8pm, the number peaked up to 400, which is the second highest point of the whole dy. The curve between 4pm and 8pm was also a spiked one like the period between 6am and 10am. Till 8pm, it is the third lowest point and then the number slightly rose to 180 at 9pm and then fell down to 120 at 10pm.
According to the graph, there are two spiked period in a whole day: on and off working.
According to the graph, there are two spiked period in a whole day: on and off working.
Prodigy
Some child prodigies as young as 10 years old go to universities. Do you think this is a good environment for these children? Why or why not? Explain your reasons, and give examples to support your oppinion.
I think they are too young to go to univeristies though they are prodigies. The period of about 10 years old is just their childhood and they should only enjoy it but not spend it in the boring studying. A news in China, a little boy aged 10-year old, interviewed on TV show, has been to a famous university. However, he looks the same as other little kids that we cannot imagine he has been an undergraduate. When the TV compere asked him what love and friendship were, he appeared puzzled and comfusing. Till now, he is just a piece of white paper without any color. He has no experience, definition of life, and value opinions, which he cannot learn from books . How does he get along with others in this society, can he take care of himself in the university? There are lots of questions we should think about. Sometimes, educating a prodigy early is killing him.
I think they are too young to go to univeristies though they are prodigies. The period of about 10 years old is just their childhood and they should only enjoy it but not spend it in the boring studying. A news in China, a little boy aged 10-year old, interviewed on TV show, has been to a famous university. However, he looks the same as other little kids that we cannot imagine he has been an undergraduate. When the TV compere asked him what love and friendship were, he appeared puzzled and comfusing. Till now, he is just a piece of white paper without any color. He has no experience, definition of life, and value opinions, which he cannot learn from books . How does he get along with others in this society, can he take care of himself in the university? There are lots of questions we should think about. Sometimes, educating a prodigy early is killing him.
Wednesday, September 26, 2007
More Senior Citizens, Fewer Kids
What are some of the consequences of an aging population? In other works what factors must be taken into consideration as the elderly begin to make up a larger segment of a country's population than ever before? What needs will have to be met?
Till now, many countries have been experienced the problem of aging population. And the elderly begin to make up a larger segment of a country's population than ever before. There will be many problems existing in a society made up of the elderly mostly. First, there won't be enough young people to support the older people since many families just have one child now. So when a child grows up and has a family, they have to support four people. That is such a heavy burden that many families can't afford it. Second, expanding health care costs for senior citizens will mean a large financial burden for taxpayers. With the number of the elderly increasing year by year, the cost of health care goes up sharply.Besides the supporting burden, young people also have to suffer the tax burden for health care of older people inevitably. Based on the two reasons above, most of the income of a country is contributed to the supporting and health care. Also, the population of working age adults is dwindling accordingly. All factors slow economic growth. Since the aging population is increasing, more needs must be met. Nursing homes rather than nursery shcools, day care programs for the elderly rather than for preshoolers, more hospitals, medical instrument and doctors are worsely needed than ever before.
Till now, many countries have been experienced the problem of aging population. And the elderly begin to make up a larger segment of a country's population than ever before. There will be many problems existing in a society made up of the elderly mostly. First, there won't be enough young people to support the older people since many families just have one child now. So when a child grows up and has a family, they have to support four people. That is such a heavy burden that many families can't afford it. Second, expanding health care costs for senior citizens will mean a large financial burden for taxpayers. With the number of the elderly increasing year by year, the cost of health care goes up sharply.Besides the supporting burden, young people also have to suffer the tax burden for health care of older people inevitably. Based on the two reasons above, most of the income of a country is contributed to the supporting and health care. Also, the population of working age adults is dwindling accordingly. All factors slow economic growth. Since the aging population is increasing, more needs must be met. Nursing homes rather than nursery shcools, day care programs for the elderly rather than for preshoolers, more hospitals, medical instrument and doctors are worsely needed than ever before.
The End of Surburbia
What's the documentary's main claim?
Since World War II North Americans have invested much of their newfound wealth in suburbia. As the population of suburban sprawl has exploded in the past 50 years, so too has the suburban way of life become embedded in the American consciousness.
But as we enter the 21st century, serious questions are beginning to emerge about the sustainability of this way of life. The End of Suburbia explores the American Way of Life and its prospects as the planet approaches a critical era, as global demand for fossil fuels begins to outstrip supply. World Oil Peak and the inevitable decline of fossil fuels are upon us now, some scientists and policy makers argue in this documentary.
Since World War II North Americans have invested much of their newfound wealth in suburbia. As the population of suburban sprawl has exploded in the past 50 years, so too has the suburban way of life become embedded in the American consciousness.
But as we enter the 21st century, serious questions are beginning to emerge about the sustainability of this way of life. The End of Suburbia explores the American Way of Life and its prospects as the planet approaches a critical era, as global demand for fossil fuels begins to outstrip supply. World Oil Peak and the inevitable decline of fossil fuels are upon us now, some scientists and policy makers argue in this documentary.
Sunday, September 23, 2007
Mixed marriages
I think there is no good or bad about the mixed marriages. The most important factor of a marriage is whether the couple are happy and love each other no matter it is mixed or not.
However, there may be more difficulties in a mixed marriage. On the one hand, both of them have different backgrounds, cultures and customs so it is a little hard to get along with each other. Then communicating is so important for a couple that it can clear the atmosphere, tie them much closer and make them understood by each other. One the other hand, parents and relatives may not accept the mixed marriage and feel it weird. Sometimes, they are opposed to it and hope their child marry an agnate person. At this time, you two must persuade parents and prove them that you are so happy to live together.
In conclusion, there may be some problems existing in mixed marriages. Nevertheless, love can overcome everything.
However, there may be more difficulties in a mixed marriage. On the one hand, both of them have different backgrounds, cultures and customs so it is a little hard to get along with each other. Then communicating is so important for a couple that it can clear the atmosphere, tie them much closer and make them understood by each other. One the other hand, parents and relatives may not accept the mixed marriage and feel it weird. Sometimes, they are opposed to it and hope their child marry an agnate person. At this time, you two must persuade parents and prove them that you are so happy to live together.
In conclusion, there may be some problems existing in mixed marriages. Nevertheless, love can overcome everything.
Thursday, September 20, 2007
The ideal age to learn computers.
In my opinion, I think the appropriate age for a child to be introduced to computer is about 13 when he is in middle school. Before 13, he is still in primary school which mainly teach children to learn nature, touch new thngs and get along with others. There is no need to use computers for their studying. Teachers' ability is enough to complete this job. And they should keep in touch with people, nature and the society but not the machines without lives. From the surroundings, they can gain love, care and respect which computers can't gave them. Moreover, children are too young to distinguish the good and bad things from the internet.
So before the middle school, I think children shouldn't be introduced to computers.
After primary school, children are eager to learn more new things such acknowledge, news and media. However, teachers may be not able to give so much information about these things. So children should learn how to gain acknowledge by themselves. At this time, computers begin to show their power and ability. Computers can help children to learn math, verbal, language, geography and many kinds of course. From internet, you can search any information you want. At this age, children have the ability to differentiate and control themselves. So computers will play an important role in the their study and life. What's more, learning computer skills is the foundation for their career in the future. As you know, computers are one of the most important things in our life.
To sum up, I think the ideal time for children to learn computers when they are in middle school. Meanwhile, children before middle school should touch nature and people more.
So before the middle school, I think children shouldn't be introduced to computers.
After primary school, children are eager to learn more new things such acknowledge, news and media. However, teachers may be not able to give so much information about these things. So children should learn how to gain acknowledge by themselves. At this time, computers begin to show their power and ability. Computers can help children to learn math, verbal, language, geography and many kinds of course. From internet, you can search any information you want. At this age, children have the ability to differentiate and control themselves. So computers will play an important role in the their study and life. What's more, learning computer skills is the foundation for their career in the future. As you know, computers are one of the most important things in our life.
To sum up, I think the ideal time for children to learn computers when they are in middle school. Meanwhile, children before middle school should touch nature and people more.
responses to the three questions on p. 15 on your blog.
1 Long time looking at computers is harmful to children's eyes and keeping the same posture is not good for children's shape. Moreover, computers are radioactive to young as they are growing up. They should go outside to improve their physical balance.
2 Because parents just teach their young children how to learn using computers but not explorin g the outside world. The youngs should approach and touch nature to learn the real world.
3 I think the most important factor is how to teach. A well-trained teacher can outperform students on the standardized tests while a bad-trained teacher may make students perform even worse with computers.
2 Because parents just teach their young children how to learn using computers but not explorin g the outside world. The youngs should approach and touch nature to learn the real world.
3 I think the most important factor is how to teach. A well-trained teacher can outperform students on the standardized tests while a bad-trained teacher may make students perform even worse with computers.
Thursday, September 13, 2007
Lotteries in U.S.
Summary
In the United States, lotteries plays the most important role in the current economic climate. Governments, civic groups and private charites are all provided by voluntary taxaton. Lotteries has been existed for over 500 years which proves that Lotteries are a useful and viable financial resource for states. First, pulic goods such as education fees can be paid by lotteries as the welfare of individuals. Second, national revenues are raise over thirty billion dollars by state-sanctioned lottery programs. Third, lots of jobs are created by these lotteries which now become one of the largest source of revenue. Fourth, states can also profit from lotteries because of the economic benefit of providing relief to state taxpayers. So more states begin to fund the lottery programs to protect local economy. Thus, lotteries provide essential funds for state programs through voluntary taxation.
In the United States, lotteries plays the most important role in the current economic climate. Governments, civic groups and private charites are all provided by voluntary taxaton. Lotteries has been existed for over 500 years which proves that Lotteries are a useful and viable financial resource for states. First, pulic goods such as education fees can be paid by lotteries as the welfare of individuals. Second, national revenues are raise over thirty billion dollars by state-sanctioned lottery programs. Third, lots of jobs are created by these lotteries which now become one of the largest source of revenue. Fourth, states can also profit from lotteries because of the economic benefit of providing relief to state taxpayers. So more states begin to fund the lottery programs to protect local economy. Thus, lotteries provide essential funds for state programs through voluntary taxation.
Wednesday, September 12, 2007
Physical attraction is one of the most important factors for marital happiness.
It seems that economic sanctions are ineffective .
Sometimes, alcohol may cause people to become violent.
Passive smoking may cause cancer.
Recycling is one of the best solutions to the waste disposal problem.
Physical exercise can lessen the severity of depression.
Not all the great novels can make great film.
Usually, Private schools provide better education than do public schools.
It seems that economic sanctions are ineffective .
Sometimes, alcohol may cause people to become violent.
Passive smoking may cause cancer.
Recycling is one of the best solutions to the waste disposal problem.
Physical exercise can lessen the severity of depression.
Not all the great novels can make great film.
Usually, Private schools provide better education than do public schools.
Hedging words
Our analyses of cases of school violence since 1995 support the hypothesis that social rejection was involved in most cases of lethal school violence. Twelve of the cases involved an ongoing pattern of teasing, bullying, or ostracism, and at least six of the perpetrators had experienced a recent romantic rejection. In only two of the incidents did we find no clear evidence of rejection; Seth Trichey, who wounded four students in Ft. Gibson, OK, was an honor student that other students liked, his victims were randomly chosen, and he seemed unable to explain his actions. Even so, he did not appear remorseful (unlike, for example, the shooters in Fayetteville, TN, and Conyers, GA), which suggests either that he thought that the victims deserved their fate or that he was psychologically incapable of empathy. Victor Cordova, who killed a female student in Deming, NM, also had no history of rejection, but he had been deeply depressed for some time. These findings are consistent with those obtained by the U.S. Secret Service and reported in their Safe School Initiative. In their analysis of school shootings that have occurred in recent years, they found evidence for bullying, ostracism, and social rejection in over two-thirds of the cases [Vossekuil et al., 2000].
Several of the perpetrators explicitly explained their actions as a response to being mistreated by other students. For example, the perpetrator of the Pearl, Mississippi shooting said that he killed because ‘‘people like me are mistreated every day…. No one ever really cared about me’’ [Chua-eoan, 1997]. Similarly, one of the Jonesboro, Arkansas shooters had vowed to kill all of the girls who had broken up with him [Blake et al., 1998], and the Columbine killers’ rage appeared to come from their rejection and mistreatment by other people. Of course, a murderer’s stated reason for his behavior may reflect nothing more than a self-serving justification. However, independent evidence from other students and teachers corroborates the presence of rejection in most of the cases. It is also noteworthy that, to our knowledge, few of the perpetrators attributed their violent behavior to other equally plausible causes, such as disinterested parents, a broken home, child abuse, academic failure, or psychological problems.
Few individuals navigate their way through adolescence without being teased, bullied, or rejected in some manner, but the vast majority do not exact retribution on their classmates. Rejection may be frustrating, angering, even maddening [Buckley, unpublished data; Twenge et al., 2001], but it is rarely sufficient to provoke premeditated violence even if the victim feels like killing people. Thus, rejection alone, while a possible contributor, does not necessarily cause violence by itself. The information we collected regarding the three other risk factors offers hints regarding other contributors to school violence. In particular, most of the perpetrators displayed at least one of the other three risk factors (psychological problems, interest in guns or explosives, or fascination with death). Thus, we speculate that rejection, combined with one or more of these other factors puts an individual at higher risk to perpetrate aggression against peers.
First, a variety of psychological problems may be associated with an increased tendency for aggressive behavior. For example, certain personality disorders are characterized by aggressiveness, paranoia, low impulse control, lack of empathy for other people, and even sadistic behaviors, all of which may lower one’s threshold for violence [Millon, 1981]. Thus, some instances of school violence may reflect extreme manifestations of an ongoing pattern of antisocial and aggressive behavior. Many of the shooters had been in trouble previously for aggression against their peers, and two had allegedly abused animals. In addition, people who are depressed and perhaps suicidal may behave in desperate ways, feeling that they having nothing to lose by acting aggressively [Marano, 1998]. The Safe School Initiative report indicated that perpetrators in over three-fourths of the school shootings had either threatened or attempted suicide at some time in the recent past [Vossekuil et al., 2000].
Second, individuals who not only have access to guns but who are fascinated by firearms and explosives may be more likely to act on their aggressive impulses because they are comfortable dealing with instruments of destruction than those who are unfamiliar or uncomfortable with guns and explosives, who do not have the means to perpetrate violence with firearms and bombs. Experience with guns is by no means necessary, however; the perpetrator of the West Paducah, Kentucky shooting had apparently not fired a gun before his rampage.
Third, people who are fascinated by themes of death, and whose identity is linked to Gothic, Satanic, and other ‘‘dark’’ lifestyles may find the idea of carnage less revolting than most other people do. It remains unclear whether death-rock music and other aspects of popular culture that glorify death cause otherwise peaceful adolescents to be violent or whether individuals who are already inclined toward aggression are simply more interested in death-related music and activities.
Previous theory and research has not adequately addressed the question of why rejection sometimes leads to anger and an impulse to aggress. Thomas [1995] suggested that the painful feelings of shame that often result from rejection may provoke anger and aggression, much in the same way in which physical pain (such as slamming one’s own hand in a door) can make people angry. Other writers have suggested that aggression may result from a desire to show that one is not a person to be trifled with [Nisbett, 1993] or to maintain self-esteem and buttress one’s positive self-concept after an ego-threatening event [Baumeister et al., 1996]. Without discounting other explanations, we believe that the primary motive in most of the school shootings seems to have been retribution, either for an ongoing pattern of ostracism and teasing or for an acute rejection such as a romantic breakup. In fact, many of the cases were characterized by both an ongoing pattern of rejection and a specific rejection experience, suggesting that the recent rejection may have been the straw that broke the camel’s back. At the same time, however, the evidence suggests that at least some of the perpetrators were seeking respect as well. After killing three and injuring five in West Paducah, KY, Michael Carneal was quoted as saying ‘‘People respect me now,’’ and the Columbine killers fantasized that they would be famous and that movie directors would fight over making a movie of their story [Gibbs and Roche, 1999].
Of course, like all case studies, this one is open to the criticism that the mode of data collection is necessarily selective and uncontrolled. In particular, the evidence that we obtained about the episodes from press reports may reflect reporters’ implicit theories about the link between rejection and aggression; we may have found evidence of such a relationship because writers in the mass media selectively reported evidence consistent with their implicit theories. We cannot discount this possibility but find it noteworthy than only a few of our sources drew an explicit connection between the rejection that the perpetrators had experienced and their subsequent violent behavior. In most cases, information regarding the perpetrator’s relationships with other students was mentioned only in the context of describing the kind of person he or she was. Only after the Columbine shootings in April of 1999 did many writers begin to explore the role than ostracism or rejection may have played.
Furthermore, like all case studies, ours necessarily lacks an appropriate control group. Although we can document that most of the perpetrators of these school shootings had been subjected to teasing, bullying, or other types of rejection, we do not know for certain whether they experienced an exceptionally high level of mistreatment compared to other children and adolescents. Given that roughly 75% of elementary and middle school students are occasionally bullied at school [Kass, 1999], the perpetrators of the school shootings were by no means unique. Even so, from reading descriptions of their peer relationships, our sense is that most of the shooters had experienced an unusually high amount of bullying or ostracism that was particularly relentless, humiliating, and cruel. Furthermore, when an individual has psychological difficulties, an affinity for guns and explosives, or a fascination with death and gore, such peer mistreatment may evoke a catastrophic reaction.
Several of the perpetrators explicitly explained their actions as a response to being mistreated by other students. For example, the perpetrator of the Pearl, Mississippi shooting said that he killed because ‘‘people like me are mistreated every day…. No one ever really cared about me’’ [Chua-eoan, 1997]. Similarly, one of the Jonesboro, Arkansas shooters had vowed to kill all of the girls who had broken up with him [Blake et al., 1998], and the Columbine killers’ rage appeared to come from their rejection and mistreatment by other people. Of course, a murderer’s stated reason for his behavior may reflect nothing more than a self-serving justification. However, independent evidence from other students and teachers corroborates the presence of rejection in most of the cases. It is also noteworthy that, to our knowledge, few of the perpetrators attributed their violent behavior to other equally plausible causes, such as disinterested parents, a broken home, child abuse, academic failure, or psychological problems.
Few individuals navigate their way through adolescence without being teased, bullied, or rejected in some manner, but the vast majority do not exact retribution on their classmates. Rejection may be frustrating, angering, even maddening [Buckley, unpublished data; Twenge et al., 2001], but it is rarely sufficient to provoke premeditated violence even if the victim feels like killing people. Thus, rejection alone, while a possible contributor, does not necessarily cause violence by itself. The information we collected regarding the three other risk factors offers hints regarding other contributors to school violence. In particular, most of the perpetrators displayed at least one of the other three risk factors (psychological problems, interest in guns or explosives, or fascination with death). Thus, we speculate that rejection, combined with one or more of these other factors puts an individual at higher risk to perpetrate aggression against peers.
First, a variety of psychological problems may be associated with an increased tendency for aggressive behavior. For example, certain personality disorders are characterized by aggressiveness, paranoia, low impulse control, lack of empathy for other people, and even sadistic behaviors, all of which may lower one’s threshold for violence [Millon, 1981]. Thus, some instances of school violence may reflect extreme manifestations of an ongoing pattern of antisocial and aggressive behavior. Many of the shooters had been in trouble previously for aggression against their peers, and two had allegedly abused animals. In addition, people who are depressed and perhaps suicidal may behave in desperate ways, feeling that they having nothing to lose by acting aggressively [Marano, 1998]. The Safe School Initiative report indicated that perpetrators in over three-fourths of the school shootings had either threatened or attempted suicide at some time in the recent past [Vossekuil et al., 2000].
Second, individuals who not only have access to guns but who are fascinated by firearms and explosives may be more likely to act on their aggressive impulses because they are comfortable dealing with instruments of destruction than those who are unfamiliar or uncomfortable with guns and explosives, who do not have the means to perpetrate violence with firearms and bombs. Experience with guns is by no means necessary, however; the perpetrator of the West Paducah, Kentucky shooting had apparently not fired a gun before his rampage.
Third, people who are fascinated by themes of death, and whose identity is linked to Gothic, Satanic, and other ‘‘dark’’ lifestyles may find the idea of carnage less revolting than most other people do. It remains unclear whether death-rock music and other aspects of popular culture that glorify death cause otherwise peaceful adolescents to be violent or whether individuals who are already inclined toward aggression are simply more interested in death-related music and activities.
Previous theory and research has not adequately addressed the question of why rejection sometimes leads to anger and an impulse to aggress. Thomas [1995] suggested that the painful feelings of shame that often result from rejection may provoke anger and aggression, much in the same way in which physical pain (such as slamming one’s own hand in a door) can make people angry. Other writers have suggested that aggression may result from a desire to show that one is not a person to be trifled with [Nisbett, 1993] or to maintain self-esteem and buttress one’s positive self-concept after an ego-threatening event [Baumeister et al., 1996]. Without discounting other explanations, we believe that the primary motive in most of the school shootings seems to have been retribution, either for an ongoing pattern of ostracism and teasing or for an acute rejection such as a romantic breakup. In fact, many of the cases were characterized by both an ongoing pattern of rejection and a specific rejection experience, suggesting that the recent rejection may have been the straw that broke the camel’s back. At the same time, however, the evidence suggests that at least some of the perpetrators were seeking respect as well. After killing three and injuring five in West Paducah, KY, Michael Carneal was quoted as saying ‘‘People respect me now,’’ and the Columbine killers fantasized that they would be famous and that movie directors would fight over making a movie of their story [Gibbs and Roche, 1999].
Of course, like all case studies, this one is open to the criticism that the mode of data collection is necessarily selective and uncontrolled. In particular, the evidence that we obtained about the episodes from press reports may reflect reporters’ implicit theories about the link between rejection and aggression; we may have found evidence of such a relationship because writers in the mass media selectively reported evidence consistent with their implicit theories. We cannot discount this possibility but find it noteworthy than only a few of our sources drew an explicit connection between the rejection that the perpetrators had experienced and their subsequent violent behavior. In most cases, information regarding the perpetrator’s relationships with other students was mentioned only in the context of describing the kind of person he or she was. Only after the Columbine shootings in April of 1999 did many writers begin to explore the role than ostracism or rejection may have played.
Furthermore, like all case studies, ours necessarily lacks an appropriate control group. Although we can document that most of the perpetrators of these school shootings had been subjected to teasing, bullying, or other types of rejection, we do not know for certain whether they experienced an exceptionally high level of mistreatment compared to other children and adolescents. Given that roughly 75% of elementary and middle school students are occasionally bullied at school [Kass, 1999], the perpetrators of the school shootings were by no means unique. Even so, from reading descriptions of their peer relationships, our sense is that most of the shooters had experienced an unusually high amount of bullying or ostracism that was particularly relentless, humiliating, and cruel. Furthermore, when an individual has psychological difficulties, an affinity for guns and explosives, or a fascination with death and gore, such peer mistreatment may evoke a catastrophic reaction.
Tuesday, September 11, 2007
Compulsive shopping
1
Compulsive shoppers behave quite differently from normal people when they shop.
First, once shopping, they immediately become more excited and happier.
Second, normal people just buy what they need; however, compulsive shoppers buy everthing they may have some interest in. I f there is a discount, they may buy as many as they can pay for.
Third, common people begin to use the things when they bring them home. While, compulsive shoppers may just put them in closet and not even bother to open the packages. Then they begin to regret why buy so many useless things.
2
I know a housewoman who loves shopping on net, especially the discount things. However, most of these things are what she really doesn't need. As a housewoman, she may think her job is not only buying good things but also saving money. So when she finds the discount things, she losts her mind and shops crazily. But after every time shopping, she finds most of these stuff are useless. Then she begins to regret and swear not to buy so many things any more. While, once she learns some discount, a circle is coming.
3
There are many ways to encourage people shopping.
First, ads are full of the world. Newspapers, TV, bus station,..etc. Everywhere you can see the ads that are confused peoples' minds. Once leess of thinking, you may drop in the trap of shopping.
Second, internet provides us so much convenience that we can shop easily without going outside.
Look for what you need, input your credit card number and then press the button. The shopping is done. Because the online bank is open, many people are encouraged to buy things on net even though they really don't need them. Because it is just so simple and easy. Everyone can do it.
Third, in USA, if you want to buy some big things, you do not need to pay them at once. There is a buget plan for you to pay them little by litte. So you cannot evaluate your own money objectively and correctly. It is probably that some always buy some things that they cannot afford them.
In sum, the comsumed culture effect everyone's life.
4 Just as what I have said above, there is no place without ads. First, if you open TV, ads are jumping into your eyes. And it is not that ads go into TV show but TV show goes into ads. Second, bus station, window along the road, electrical screen are always filled with ads. No matter whereever you go, you can appreciate the ads for pastime.
Third, ads are also provided online. Searching, inputting and pressing are the three steps for shooping. It is so easy that you cannot reject it.
So ads have become an important part of our daily life.
5 A compulsive shopper is a person who can't control himself but addicts to shopping.
6 This issue just gives us one example of a woman compulsive shopper and analysis her situation. I think there should be more than one example to describe different compulsive shoppers with different psychology problems to make the novel much stronger.
Compulsive shoppers behave quite differently from normal people when they shop.
First, once shopping, they immediately become more excited and happier.
Second, normal people just buy what they need; however, compulsive shoppers buy everthing they may have some interest in. I f there is a discount, they may buy as many as they can pay for.
Third, common people begin to use the things when they bring them home. While, compulsive shoppers may just put them in closet and not even bother to open the packages. Then they begin to regret why buy so many useless things.
2
I know a housewoman who loves shopping on net, especially the discount things. However, most of these things are what she really doesn't need. As a housewoman, she may think her job is not only buying good things but also saving money. So when she finds the discount things, she losts her mind and shops crazily. But after every time shopping, she finds most of these stuff are useless. Then she begins to regret and swear not to buy so many things any more. While, once she learns some discount, a circle is coming.
3
There are many ways to encourage people shopping.
First, ads are full of the world. Newspapers, TV, bus station,..etc. Everywhere you can see the ads that are confused peoples' minds. Once leess of thinking, you may drop in the trap of shopping.
Second, internet provides us so much convenience that we can shop easily without going outside.
Look for what you need, input your credit card number and then press the button. The shopping is done. Because the online bank is open, many people are encouraged to buy things on net even though they really don't need them. Because it is just so simple and easy. Everyone can do it.
Third, in USA, if you want to buy some big things, you do not need to pay them at once. There is a buget plan for you to pay them little by litte. So you cannot evaluate your own money objectively and correctly. It is probably that some always buy some things that they cannot afford them.
In sum, the comsumed culture effect everyone's life.
4 Just as what I have said above, there is no place without ads. First, if you open TV, ads are jumping into your eyes. And it is not that ads go into TV show but TV show goes into ads. Second, bus station, window along the road, electrical screen are always filled with ads. No matter whereever you go, you can appreciate the ads for pastime.
Third, ads are also provided online. Searching, inputting and pressing are the three steps for shooping. It is so easy that you cannot reject it.
So ads have become an important part of our daily life.
5 A compulsive shopper is a person who can't control himself but addicts to shopping.
6 This issue just gives us one example of a woman compulsive shopper and analysis her situation. I think there should be more than one example to describe different compulsive shoppers with different psychology problems to make the novel much stronger.
How cuckoo birds generate
Sometimes, animals take advantage of other animals. An example of this is how cuckoo birds generate and raise up their children. Usually, they don't feed their children by themselves. When they have eggs, they secretly put each egg in a different nest of other birds. And what is clever that cuckoo birds make their eggs quite similar with other eggs. So other birds can't find the trick and hatch all the eggs. However, the egg of cuckoo birds is hatched out much faster than others. When the little cuckoo births, it is very clever and active. In order to make the foster parents feed it alone, little cuckoo pushes other eggs out of the nest or kill the small birds that are just born. After these efforts, the little cuckoo is the only one baby that can get all of its foster parents' love and care. It is interesting that some days later, you may see a big child bird is fed by small parents. That is because the figure of cuckoo is bigger than most other birds'.
Wednesday, September 5, 2007
The difference between academic and non-academic issues
When talking about the difference between academic and non-academic issues, first, you may be thinking of 'truth'. Yes, that's right. First, I think the most important difference between them is whether it is true. If an academic article is published, it must be true and proved by lots of experiments and research. It must have the reason, evidence and result. However, a non-academic one doesn't need these things. It can be story, fiction, interview and so on. It is just a personal opinion that you donnot need to prove it. Nobody really cares about whether it is a truth while an academic one is just opposite.
Second, academic issues are specific to some professionals. Such as an electrical engineering article is fit for an engineer but not for ordinary people. While, non-academic articles may be direct to most of us to be understood easily. So I think the first difference is that the two kinds of articles are fit for two kinds of people:professionals and non-professionals.
Third, academic issues must have a standard style to be read. Such as character form, words space, citation and so on. There are so many rules to strict academic issues to be standard. On the contrary, non-academic ones are free and informal. For instance, a poem can be written as long or short as you can. And you needn't worry about the words style or other things. You can show your personality, interest and character. While, academic ones just look the same as others that you cannot tell who the author is.In addition, the tone of these two kinds of issues are so different. Academic ones must be rigid, logical and objective to claim the truth. However, non-academic ones can be personal, subjective and free just as your opinion. They can be humorous, sarcastic or ambiguous.
Fourth, if an academic issue is published, it may need a long time to do experiments and research and then get a conclusion or result. In this process, it may need teams, funds and other resources. Thus an academic issue needs lots of resources to be supported and supplied. However, non-academic ones can be stories, fictions, poems and they are just the personal stuff so they may not need so many resources as academic ones.
In conclusion, I think there four major differences between academic and non-academic articles.
These are, whether it is true, specific, standard and needs lots of resources.
Second, academic issues are specific to some professionals. Such as an electrical engineering article is fit for an engineer but not for ordinary people. While, non-academic articles may be direct to most of us to be understood easily. So I think the first difference is that the two kinds of articles are fit for two kinds of people:professionals and non-professionals.
Third, academic issues must have a standard style to be read. Such as character form, words space, citation and so on. There are so many rules to strict academic issues to be standard. On the contrary, non-academic ones are free and informal. For instance, a poem can be written as long or short as you can. And you needn't worry about the words style or other things. You can show your personality, interest and character. While, academic ones just look the same as others that you cannot tell who the author is.In addition, the tone of these two kinds of issues are so different. Academic ones must be rigid, logical and objective to claim the truth. However, non-academic ones can be personal, subjective and free just as your opinion. They can be humorous, sarcastic or ambiguous.
Fourth, if an academic issue is published, it may need a long time to do experiments and research and then get a conclusion or result. In this process, it may need teams, funds and other resources. Thus an academic issue needs lots of resources to be supported and supplied. However, non-academic ones can be stories, fictions, poems and they are just the personal stuff so they may not need so many resources as academic ones.
In conclusion, I think there four major differences between academic and non-academic articles.
These are, whether it is true, specific, standard and needs lots of resources.
Hi, nice to see you all
My name is Wenli Sun. You can call me Wenli for short. That's also my English name.
I am a Chinese girl. I am a new coming graduate student of GWU.
My major is Electrical Engineering.
I like skating, basketball, ping-pong, table ball and lots of stuff. Just an amateur but not good at.
I hope we can be friends.
Nice to know you all.
I am a Chinese girl. I am a new coming graduate student of GWU.
My major is Electrical Engineering.
I like skating, basketball, ping-pong, table ball and lots of stuff. Just an amateur but not good at.
I hope we can be friends.
Nice to know you all.
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